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BIOL 4700 > Chapter 01 > Flashcards

Chapter 01 Flashcards

1
Q

the coordinated responses of whole living organisms to internal and external stimuli

A

behavior

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2
Q

the study of relationships between organisms and their environment and how they interact

A

ecology

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3
Q

the study of behavior and its causes

A

ethology

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4
Q

the study of the behavior and mental processes of animals in order to understand human behavior

A

Comparative psychology

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5
Q

passed from parent to offspring via genes

A

heritable traits

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6
Q

measurement of genetic variation of a particular trait within a population

A

heritability

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7
Q

behaviors that are passed from one generation to the next
Ex. crows using cars to open their nuts

A

cultural transmission

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8
Q

what does behavioral ecology focus on?

A

the study of relationships that benefit fitness

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9
Q

how is behavioral ecology an integrative field?

A

It is integrative because it is using both psychological and genetic factors to explain evolution and animal behavior

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10
Q

what are the benefits of studying animal behavior?

A

learning how to hunt animals, learn more about ourselves, rid pests and control disease, learn how to care for animals, conserve species, and scientific curiosity

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11
Q

what are the 4 types of animal behavior questions?

A
  1. mecanistic or causation
  2. developmental
  3. survival value or funciton
  4. evolutionary/ phylogenetic
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12
Q

What specific process causes this behavior? (proximate)

A

Mechanistic or causation

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13
Q

How does the behavior change over time as the animal develops? (proximate)

A

Developmental

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14
Q

What is the survival benefit to that behavior? (ultimate)

A

Survival value or function

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15
Q

How did the behavior evolve? (ultimate)

A

evolutionary/ phylogenetic

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16
Q

understanding IMMEDIATE cause of behavior (up close)

A

proximate questions

17
Q

understanding EVOLUTIONARY forces that make up the behavior (zoomed out picture)

A

ultimate questions

18
Q

genetic/ instinctual behaviors

A

innate

19
Q

passed from parent to offspring

A

heritable traits

20
Q

born with that knowledge

A

inflexible

21
Q

modified over an individual’s life based on experiences

A

learned

22
Q

what are the pros to learned behaviors?

A

good for dynamic environments, able to evolve over time though learned behaviors

23
Q

what are the cons to learned behaviors?

A

could learn the wrong behavior, requires time to learn

24
Q

what is heritability?

A

measurement of genetic variation of a trait in a population

25
Q

what is the difference in high vs low heritability?

A

High - trait controlled by genes
Low - trait influenced by environment

26
Q

short quick behavior

A

event

27
Q

long lasting behavior

A

state

28
Q

a catalog of all behaviors observed for a species
Measures frequency/ duration of behaviors

A

ethogram

29
Q

what are the 4 methods to sampling behavior?

A
  1. ad libitum
  2. focal animal sampling
  3. behavioral samplin g
  4. instantaneous scan sampling
30
Q
  1. Ad libitum
A

Informal
Record as much info as possible
Used for planning

31
Q
  1. Focal animal sampling
A

Time length of sample
Unbiased
Specific behaviors recorded

32
Q
  1. Behavioral sampling
A

1 behavior
Rate of occurrence
Only for obvious behaviors

33
Q
  1. Instantaneous scan sampling
A

Pre-selected moments
State behaviors sampled
Observes all member of a group

34
Q

what are disadvantages of using ad lib sampling?

A

you may not catch every detail of the behaviors

35
Q

what is anthropomorphism?

A

giving human qualities to animals, or explaining animal behavior in terms of human like thinking and reasoning

36
Q

what are examples of anthropomorphism?

A

Ex. assuming a bee stung you bc it was mad
Ex. assuming a cuckoo is lazy bc it left its eggs in the nests of other species

BIOL 4700 (14 decks)

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