Chapter 09: Kinship Flashcards
altruism
a behavior of an individual that reduces their fitness in order to increase the fitness of another
helping behavior
young adults for go breeeding to help parents raise next brood
kinship slection theory
Hamilton
fitness
amount of genetic info you contribute to the next generation
direct fitness
measured by the number of viable offspring produced by an individual and his direct decendants
indirect fitness
measured by the reproductive success of an individual’s genetic relatives
inclusive fitness
direct and indirect fitness
the closer the _________, the more likely the individual should _________
genetic realtive, help them
relatedness
the probability that individuals share copies of alleles they have inherited form common ancestors
_____ moms dna ____ dads dna
50% 50%
cooperative breeding “ helping behavior”
mature offspring temporarily forgo breeding to help parents raise next brood
eusociality has what 3 things
- cooperative brood care
- overlapping generations within a colony of adults
- division of labor
parent offspring conflict
parents pass on as many genes as possible, offspring try to get as much care out of their parents
sibling rivalry
more related you are to siblings, the more you should try to help them
siblicide
one sibling killing the other
what are the benefits of siblicide?
- reduces competition for larger offspring
- reduces time and energy
insurance hypothesis
having more than one young increases chances at least one will survive
kin recogniton
animals must have a way to recognize close relatives
what are the two types of kin recognition?
- template matching models
- rule of thumb models
- template matching models
- suggest individuals have an internal template of what their kin look/ smell like etc.
- can be an innate or learned template
dichotomous
kin or not kin
more specific a
parent, full sibling, nephew cousin etc
rule of thumb models
- using rules to distinguish between kin
- rules include: living in next/ cave etc then you treat it like your own
what is a con of rule of thumb models?
more easily exploited by cheaters
Altruistic suicide
Sacrifice of one’s life in order to save or benefit others for the good of the group
Coefficient of relatedness
Probability that a gene in one individual is identical by decent
Dynasties
One genetic lineage will continuously Occupy the same area over many successive generations
Haplodiploid
Diploid females haploid males
Hamilton’s rule
An individuals decision to help other individuals fitness is a function of how closely related the helper and the and the other individual are
