Chapter 07: Intra + Intersexual selection Flashcards
sexual selection
selection for traits that increase reproductive success
if you survive but do not reproduce you are considered to have what?
0 direct fitness
INTRA sexual selection
selection within a sex (M vs M) or (F vs F)
INTER sexual selection
selection between the sexes m and f choice
sexual dimorphisms
sexes show distinct differences
ex. male vs female lions
what are some prevention tactics of mating males?
-mate guarding
-plugging female genetals after mating
cuckoldry
tricking a male into raising another male’s offspring
parental males
Build nest for future eggs, often accidentally try to mate with satellite males
sneaker males
Wait for their chance then drop in sperm to be fertilized, usually don’t raise their young
satellite males
Mimic females; try to sneak mate,
satellite and sneaker males ______ with females but_________
mate, don’t raise their own young
what is a trait of parental males?
they build nests for future eggs
how do sneaker males work during mating?
when the female enters the nest during spawing, the sneaker males race in and drop sperm to fertilize
how can females affect the chances of males mating?
they can increase the chances of dominant males being successful
how have females made their choosing more prominat?
they have adaptations and behaviors that have determined/ made it harder for who gets to fertilize their egg
how do males aquire mates?
courtship dances, bright colors, ornaments
bateman’s principle
males compete, females choose
anisogamy
different sized gametes
what is the difference in male vs female gametes?
males produce cheap sperm, while females produce costly eggs
small gametes
selected for mobility
large gametes
selected for more recources for embryo
why do females tend to prefer flashy, but detrimental traits in males?
more attractive, higher fitness in males, get female’s attention, might indicate better genes
fecundity
number of offspring an individual can produce
what are direct benefits a male can provide a female?
protection, food, shelter, parental care
nuptial gifts
food or substance to induce copulation with a female
good genes hypothesis
females choose mates with the best genes
why would females choose mates with good genes?
increase fitness, provide females with indirect benefits
what are some examples of traits that indicate mates with high quality traits?
size, stronger, colors, flashy ornaments
costly traits
traits that are harder to produce/ fake
carotenoids
pigments in plants that give animals more pigment
sensory bias and exploitation
females prefer some specific male trait due to a pre-existing bias, this does not indicate the importance of the trait
tricromatic vision
3 colors, can distingush between red/ orange/ green
primates prefer ____ food
red
sexual selection in females
males choose females and females choose meales
males will pick females with more ______
flashy oranaments
polyandry
1 female has many mates, male incubates the eggs
sexual imprinting
can learn who to mate with + specific mate preferances
mate choice copying
socially learned behavior
lekking behavior
males defend small areas (leks) where they display to females
What is displacement behavior in males?
Males fight and displace other males, larger male wins
