CHAPTER 13: CARRIERS, VECTORS, DISEASES contd... Flashcards

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1
Q

Latency

A
  • when the host recovers, microbes may still be present
  • in some chronic diseases, after the initial symptoms
    -microbe can become active occasionally and person may/may not shed during latent stage
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2
Q

sources and transmission of microbes: 2 types

A

reservoir and source

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3
Q

Source

A

individual or object from which an infection is actually acquired

site from which it was transmitted

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4
Q

reservoir

A

the primary habitat of pathogen in the natural world
- human, animal, soil, water, or plants

this is the site where it resides/multiplies

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5
Q

Living Reservoirs:
- what is a carrier
- types of carriers

A

a carrier is an individual that has a pathogen and spreads it to others / may or may not experience the disease

  • passive carrier
  • asymptomatic carrier (3 types)
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6
Q

Passive Carrier

A

passive: contaminated individual picks up pathogens and transfers to PTs without ever having the disease/being infected

ex) HCPs

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7
Q

Asymptomatic Carrier (3)

A
  • no symptoms, but INFECTED

incubation: spread infec. during incubation period, YES symptoms

convalescent: get better w OUT symptoms

chronic: holds infec. for a long time

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8
Q

chronic carrier

A

person who continues to shelter and shed infectious agent for long time after recovery

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9
Q

sequelae

A

long term or permanent damage to tissues or organs as result of infection

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10
Q

Vector

A

live animal transmits infectious agent from one host to another

  • most arthropods (flea, mosquito, ticks)
  • some larger like mammals, birds, lower vertebrates
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11
Q

Biological vectors

A

participate in pathogen life cycle

human and malaria

  • such as mosquitoes and ticks may carry pathogens that can multiply within their bodies and be delivered to new hosts, usually by biting
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12
Q

Mechanical vector

A

not necessary to life cycle of infectious agent, just transport it w OUT being infected

transmit through physical contact

  • such as flies can pick up infectious agents on the outside of their bodies and transmit them through physical contact.
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13
Q

Zoonosis

A

infection indigenous to animals, naturally transmitted to humans

  • have to eradicate animal reservoir to eradicate the disease
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14
Q

reservoir vs source

A

reservoir: habitat
source: how the infection was acquired

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15
Q

Communicable vs Non communicable disease

A

communicable: infected host can transmit infectious agent to another host and ESTABLISH infec in that host
- highly communic=contagious

noncommunicable: no disease from host to host transmission
- infec in from your OWN microbiome or contact w organism in natural nonliving reservoir
(fungal infection)

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16
Q

direct vs indirect contact

A

direct: physical contact

indirect: infected host to intermediate conveyor then to anothe host

17
Q

indirect contact methods

A

vehicle: inanimate material (food, water)

vector: insects

airborne: droplets nuclei, aerosols

18
Q

Nosocomial infection
- what is it and precautions

A

disease acquired from hospital
- most from opportunistic pathogen, surgery equip, ppl, drug resistant microbes

precautions: treat every PT assuming they can harbor infectious agents (every PT is sick)

19
Q

Epidemiology

A
  • study of disease distribution
  • surveillance to collect/analyze date on mortality, transmission, etc.
  • report notable disease, CDC
20
Q

Prevalence

A

total # of existing cases for an entire population (%)

21
Q

Incidence

A

number of new cases over certain time period compared to the general healthy population

22
Q

Mortality vs Morbidity rate

A

mortality: total # of deaths in population due to certain disease

morbidity: # of ppl afflicted with a disease

23
Q

endemic vs epidemic vs pandemic

A

endemic: steady freq over long period of time

epidemic: prevalence inc beyond expected

pandemic: epidemic across continents

24
Q

sporadic

A

occasional changes reported at irregular intervals