Chapter 13 And 15 Flashcards
Political efficacy
Person beliefs they can make affective political change the low it so the less impact they think they can make
Political mobilization
Efforts by political parties to get their members to vote
What is Election Day
First Tuesday of November after the first Monday
What is absentee ballot
Voting completed and submitted by a voter before day of election without going to the polls
Describe several barriers to voting
What is rational choice voting
Voting on what a person believes is in him or hers best interests
What is retrospective voting
Voting on an assessment of an incumbent past performance
What is party line voting
voting for the candidate who belongs to only one political parties for all offices
What are qualifications to become president
35 years old
Live in us 14 years
Born in the US
what is prospective voting
Us
Political participation
Diff ways individuals take action to shape laws and policies
What are political action committees
Federal election campaigns laws created limits on PAC and individual donations to political candidates
Purpose of Bipartisan campaign reform act
Closed soft money loophole (money donated to parties)
Linkage institutions
Channels that connect individuals with gov
How is someone elected as president
Have to ahve 270 electoral votes
What are the 2 campaigns phase for someone running for president
1 trying to win nomination for your party
2 winning n general election
Social movement
Joining of individuals seeking social or political change with the goal of placing issue on the policy
Difference between open primaries and closed primaries
Open everyone can vote
Closed only people registered in a party can vote
What must a candidate running for president do to win general election
Appeal to base and independent voters at the same time
What is the most common way that Americans politically participate other than by voting?
Try to influence how others vote
What is suffrage or franchise
Right to vote
What is purpose of 15th amendment
Extended the right to vote to all males regardless of race
17th amendment
Allowed for the direct election of the senators
19th amendment
Extended the right to vote to women
19th amendment
Extended the right to vote to women
24th amendment
Prohibits congress and the states from imposing poll taxes as a condition for voting in federal elections
Explain how the electoral collage works. Does a candidate need to win the popular vote to be elected presidents
Voters aren’t voting directly for President
They need 270 votes
Majority votes in a state the president gets all electoral votes in that state
26th amendment
Allows those of 18years of age to vote
What is voter turnout and how is voter turnout in the U.S. compared to that of other democratic countries?
Voter turnout the number of eligible voters who participate in an election as a percentage of the total number of eligible voters
Which Americans are more likely to participate in elections and vote (give several examples)?
What is a swing state
A state that’s to close to call
What is a battle ground state
A state where the polls show close contest between democrats and republicans
What are recent trends in cost of running a political campaign?
Gotten a lot more experience
Why is it important for candidates for political office to raise money?
Buying media time adds on tv
What limits exist for a campaign contributions
3,500$ per candidate per election
Super PAC
An organization that may spend an unlimited amount of money on a political campaign as long as they’re spending is not coordinated with the campaign
What are interest groups
Voluntary association of people who come together to get policy’s that they favor enacted
Participatory democracy
The belief that citizens impact policy making through there involvement in civil society
Pluralism
Political power that is distributed amount many competing groups with means that no one group can get to powerful
Elitism
Theory that wealthy elite class has a disproportionate amount of economic power
What are the only two states that do not have a winner-take all system for the Electoral College?
Maine and Nebraska
Midterm elections
General elections in the even numbered years that don’t include presidential election
Incumbent
Someone who is already in office
How have presidential debates been structured
Strict rules governing response time and conduct
What have been the trends in presidential and vice presidential debates since 1976?
Typical 3 presidential debates and one vice presidential debate
What is the Federal Election Commission (FEC)?
Bipartisan federal Agency of 6 members that overseas finances of federal election campaigns
What are the roles of the FEC?
Enforce contribution limits
Requiring full disclosure of campaign spending
Administering public financing or presidential campaigns
What is collective action
Political action occurs when individuals contribute their energy time or money to a larger group goal
Collective good
A public benefit that individuals can enjoy or profit from even if they didn’t help achieve it
What is free rider problem
Individuals enjoy collective goods and benefits from the actions an interest group without helping
Selective benefits
Benefits available only to those who join the group
What are economic interests groups
Advocate on behalf of the financial interests of their members
Public interest groups
Act on behalf of the collective interests of a broad group of individuals
Single issue interest groups
Association focusing on one specific area of public policy often a moral issue about which they are unwilling to compromise
Government interest groups
Organization acting in behalf of local, states, and forgien governments
Role of lobbyists
Interacting by government officials to advance a groups policy goals (reach to other branch’s)
What is Revolving door
A movement individuals between positions gov and lobbying positions
Diff strategies lobbyist use in working with members of congress
directs lobbying (Meeting with members of congress 1 on 1)
State several ways that lobbyist can influence judicial branch
File law suits
What are amius cruiae briefs
When not a party to a case can file amicus curiae briefs attempt to persuade a court to agree with the arguments set in brief
What is iron triangle
The coordination and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, congress, and interest groups to achieve shared policy goals
What is an issue network
The webs of influence between interest groups, policy makers, and policy advocates for 1 issue
Grassroots lobbying
Mobilizing interest group members to pressure then by contacting them directly
Civil disobedience
Intentionally breaking a law to call attention to an injustice
How did political parties choose their nominees until the 1960
Choose party nominee on convention floor
invisible primary?
Candidates quietly lining up political and financial support for presidential run
New Hampshire presidential primary elections
Anyone can vote
How much opposition does an incumbent president typically face from his own party when running for reelection?
