Chapter 13: Agression

Question 1

Hostile Aggression

Answer 1

behavior intended to harm another, either physically or psychologically, and motivated by feelings of anger and hostility

Question 2

Instrumental Aggression

Answer 2

behavior intended to harm another in the service of motives other than pure hostility (such as attracting attention, acquiring wealth, or advancing political or ideological causes)

Question 3

Dehumanization

Answer 3

the attribution of nonhuman characteristics and denial of human qualities to groups other than one’s own

Question 4

Catharsis

Answer 4

the release of a strong emotion, such as anger, by expressing it directing

Question 5

Culture of Honor

Answer 5

a culture defined by its members’ strong concerns about their own and others’ reputations, leading to sensitivity to insults and a willingness to use violence to avenge any perceived wrong

Question 6

Rape-Prone Culture

Answer 6

a culture in which rape tends to be used as an act of war against enemy women, as a ritual act, or as a threat against women to keep them subservient to men

Question 7

Inclusive Fitness

Answer 7

according to evolutionary theory, the fitness of an individual based on reproductiveness success and the passing on of genes to future generations

Question 8

Precarious Manhood Hypothesis

Answer 8

the idea that a man’s gender identity of strength and toughness is more easily lost in competition, and that such a loss can trigger aggressive behavior

Question 9

Reactive Devaluation

Answer 9

attaching less value to an offer in a negotiation once the opposing group makes it