Chapter 11: Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Question 1

Stereotype

Answer 1

The belief that certain attributes are characteristic of members of a particular group

Question 2

Prejudice

Answer 2

A negative attitude or affective response toward a group and its individual members

Question 3

Discrimination

Answer 3

Unfair treatment of individuals based on their membership in a particular group

Question 4

Modern Racism

Answer 4

Prejudice directed at racial groups that exist alongside the rejection of explicitly racist beliefs

Question 5

Artifact

Answer 5

a spurious research result arising from a faulty method of investigation

Question 6

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Answer 6

A technique for revealing non conscious attitudes toward different stimuli, particularly groups of people

Question 7

Priming

Answer 7

The presentation of information designed to activate a concept (such as stereotype) and hence make it accessible; a prime is the stimulus presented to activate the concept in question

Question 8

Realistic Group Conflict Theory

Answer 8

A theory that group conflict, prejudice, and discrimination are likely to arise over competition between groups for limited resources

Question 9

Ethnocentrism

Answer 9

Glorifying one’s own group while vilifying other groups

Question 10

Super-ordinate Goal

Answer 10

A goal that transcends the interests of any one group and can be achieved more readily by two or more groups working together

Question 11

Minimal Group Paradigm

Answer 11

An experimental paradigm in which researchers create groups based on arbitrary and seemingly meaningless criteria and then examine how the members of these “minimal groups” are inclined to behave toward one another

Question 12

Social Identity Theory

Answer 12

The idea that a person’s self-concept and self-esteem derive not only from personal identity and accomplishments, but also from the status and accomplishments of the various groups to which the person belongs

Question 13

Basking in Reflection Glory

Answer 13

Taking pride in the accomplishments of other people in one’s group, such as when sports fans identify with a winning team

Question 14

Outgroup Homogeneity Effect

Answer 14

The tendency for people to assume that within-group similarity is much stronger for outgroups than for ingroups

Question 15

Paired Distinctiveness

Answer 15

The pairing of two distinctive events that stand out even more because they occur together

Question 16

Subtyping

Answer 16

Explaining away exceptions to a given stereotype by creating a subcategory of the stereotyped group that can be expected to differ from the group as a whole

Question 17

Stereotype Threat

Answer 17

The fear of confirming the stereotypes others have about one’s group