Chapter 13

Question 1

Bonding in an alkene

Answer 1

There is a pi bond and a sigma bond where the pi bond is weaker than the sigma bond therefore it is more readily broken.

Question 2

Bond angles around a carbon in an alkene

Answer 2

There are 3 regions of electron density so the bond angle will be 120 degrees also it is all in one plane.

Question 3

Conditions for E/Z isomerism

Answer 3

1. There must be a C=C double bond

2. There must be different groups attached to each carbon of the double bond

Question 4

Z in E/Z isomerism

Answer 4

Priority groups are the same side

Question 5

E in E/Z isomerism

Answer 5

Priority groups are diagonally opposite

Question 6

Cis/Trans isomerism

Answer 6

A lot like E/Z isomerism but one of the groups on each bonded carbon must be Hydrogen

Question 7

Cis in Cis/Trans isomerism

Answer 7

Hydrogens on the same side

Question 8

Trans in Cis/Trans isomerism

Answer 8

Hydrogens are diagonally opposite

Question 9

Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules

Answer 9

If groups of high priority are on the same side it is a Z isomer
If groups of high priority are diagonally opposite then it is an E isomer

Question 10

What is “Priority” based on?

Answer 10

It is based on atomic number. The greater the atomic number the greater the priority

Question 11

Testing for unsaturation

Answer 11

Bromine water will decolourise in the presence of an alkene

Question 12

What is an Electrophile?

Answer 12

An atom or group of atoms that are attracted to an electron rich center and accepts an electron pair.

Question 13

Markownikoff’s rule

Answer 13

The halogen bonds to the carbon with the most carbon-carbon bonds.

Question 14

Carbocation stability

Answer 14

Stability of the carbocation increases from primary to secondary to tertiary.