Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen.
What is a saturated compound?
It has single bonds only.
What is an unsaturated compound?
It has carbon-carbon multiple bonds.
What is a functional group?
A part of a molecule that is largely responsible for its chemical properties.
Alkene
C=C
Alcohol
-OH
Haloalkane
-X where X is a halogen.
Aldehyde
-CHO
Ketone
-C(CO)C-
Carboxylic Acid
-COOH
Ester
-COOC
Acyl Chloride
-COCl
Amine
-NH2
Nitrile
-CN
Molecular formula
The number of each type of atom.
Empirical formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms.
General formula
Used to show the number of each for compounds in the homologous series.
Displayed formula
Everything is drawn out
Skeletal formula
Everything shown by lines
Structural isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
Homolytic fission
When a covalent bond breaks and each atom takes one of the shared pair of electrons.
Heterolytic fission
When a covalent bond breaks and one of the bonded atoms takes both of the shared pair of electrons.
A radical
An atom with an unpaired electron
Addition reaction
Two reactants join together to form one.
Substitution reaction
when an atom or group of atoms are replaced by another atom or group of atoms.
Elimination reaction
Involves the removal of a small molecule from a larger one.
