Chapter 13 Flashcards
community
________________: a group of people who live, learn, work, and play in an environment at a given time; often also defined by place (geopolitical boundaries), beliefs or interests (aggregate communities) or virtual communities
community
community functions
___________ _______________ are the necessities that sustain day to day livelihood
community functions
community dynamics
____________ _____________ support community functions through effective communication, leadership and decision making
healthy communities
_____________ ________________: a movement based on the concepts of health and health promotion and intersectoral partnerships working together to create a sustainable and healthy community
Intersectoral collaboration is the joint action taken by health and other government sectors, as well as representatives from private, voluntary and non-profit groups, to improve the health of populations. Intersectoral action takes different forms such as cooperative initiatives, alliances, coalitions or partnerships.
community as partner model
_________________________: main attributes are community (based on the community assessment wheel depicting components such as physical environment, education, safety and transportation and nursing process, etc) and nursing process (based on stress adaptation model)
_________________ framework: CHNs use the _____________ triangle (host-environment-agent) to examine the frequency and distribution of a ___________ or _________________
epidemiology
epidemiology
disease
health condition
community capacity
_______________: the capacity building process strengthens the ability of a community, or health organization to develop and implement health promotion initiatives; capacity building is realized when the community is empowered to change and to overcome deficits to achieve strong infrastructure to support its functions
community health promotion model (CHPM)
the ______________________ emphasizes that the health of the population is influenced by the interplay of various social determinants of health in the environments they live in an uses this understanding to guide community planning, intervention and evaluation
the process of community health nursing is continuous and cyclical; it consists of 4 phases, name them
assessment
planning
implementation
evaluation
community assessment
___________ ________________ is an ongoing quantitative and qualitative appraisal of the community
the intervention plan must address the challenges to achieving health for all: reducing ____________, increasing ____________ and enhancing community __________________
inequalities
prevention
coping
nursing interventions will be successful when the community is fully _______________ and _______________ throughout the nursing process
engaged
empowered
_________________ and ________________ community data help form the needed indicators for evaluation of any evidence of success
subjective
objective
community _______________ approach is key to community planning and empowers people to take responsibility and ownership in health and to effect change
participatory
community needs matrix tool
allows participants to discuss, identify, rate, or explain which health problems are most important to communities and to chart this data; CHNs facilitate discussion to learn about community experience
community mapping
a schematic map of the distribution and occurrence of illness, disease, health; resources; environmental conditions; and accessibility and barriers to services
present-future drawings
allow CHNs to see where the community wants to go and formulate mutual intervention goals/objectives
population health promotion
an approach to health that aims to improve the health of the entire population and to reduce health inequities among population groups…it acts upon the broad range of factors and conditions that have a strong influence on our health
risk assessment
identify and target clients who are most likely to contract a particular disease or develop unhealthy behaviours, and assess attributes that affect their health
community governance
refers to decision making in health organizational matters that help to meet the health needs and priorities of the community; effective when it engages citizens, measures results, and gets things done
community engagement
is a participatory process based on communication, trust and a common understanding and purpose
capacity building
process to strengthen the ability of an individual, an organization, a community or a health system to develop and implement health promotion initiatives and sustain positive health outcomes over time
CHNs work with communities as they define goals, mobilize resources, and develop action plans; might include support for political action to change environments or strengthening resources for healthy living
community development
taking action at a grassroots level to generate solutions to common problems that will eventually involve the larger community
community mobilization
CHNs must be competent in using the community health promotion process in which they implement their ________________ health care roles to address health ______________ for the ________________ populations
primary
inequities
marginalized
CHNs will demonstrate _______________ in community health promotion and advocate for the importance of ______________-focused health promotion
leadership
population
CHNs use various community participatory ____________ to engage community stakeholders and population groups to address community health needs, to advocate positive change
tools
Community health nurses (CHNs) care for people where they live, learn, play, and work. Their goal is to improve the health of the ______________ by promoting, preserving, and protecting the health of individuals, families, aggregates, and populations. Their practice includes promoting health, building individual or community capacity, connecting and caring, facilitating access and equity, and demonstrating professional responsibility and accountability
community
CHNs must determine who and where their clients are, and why, what, when, and how best to promote their health in the ______________.
community
Not only do CHNs need to attend to the post- hospital complex care for their clients, they must respond to the diversity and changing population demographics of their populations, who are aging rapidly with the rising rates of ___________ illnesses. Additionally, CHNs must strive to work autonomously to build community partnerships that are based on a philosophy of ___________ health care to achieve health for all.
chronic
primary
CHNs have always cared for the community as their clients. Historically, CHNs cared for sick and ___________ individuals and families
Today, CHNs continue to care for their clients in various community settings, healthy or sick, from homes to ____________, workplaces, community centers, and clinics
CHNs also work with the community as ____________; they collaborate with multidisciplinary teams of healthcare providers, politicians, leaders, and the public at large to implement an affordable, accessible, and well-integrated primary health care system to meet the needs of their community
destitute
schools
partner
CHNs help strengthen the various social determinants of health and advocate for _____________ in health
equity
A ________________ may be defined as a group of people who live, learn, work, and play in an environment at a given time. They share common characteristics and interests, and function within a larger social system such as an organization, region, province, or nation. The core of any community is its _____________, who are characterized by their age, sex, socioeconomic status, education level, occupation, ethnicity, and religion.
community
people
A community is also defined by its place or ___________________ boundaries, which often are used to determine the location of service delivery
geopolitical
_________________ boundaries refer to both geographic boundaries such as mountains, rivers, or lakes, and political boundaries such as districts or areas of service delivery that are bounded by legal jurisdictions with real or imagined boundaries.
geopolitical
aggregate communities
virtual communities
________________ communities refer to groups of people with common interests, culture, beliefs, or goals. ________________ communities such as chat rooms, MySpace, blogs, Twitter, WhatsApp, and Facebook, are places where members share their common interests on the Internet.
aggregate
virtual
All communities provide the following community functions:
-space and infrastructure for housing,______________, recreation, government, and health and social services
- _______________ and income, including productivity and distribution through consumption of goods, trading, and economic growth
- security, protection, and law enforcement to protect the public from ____________
- participation,________________, and networking for all community members
- linkages with other community systems for opportunities for ______________ and capacity building.
schools employment crime socialization growth
Community functions are supported by three interactive community dynamics: effective ________________________, ______________, and decision making
communication
leadership
_________________ Competent communities have strong and cohesive vertical, horizontal, and diagonal patterns of communication among the community key partners.
_______________ communication links communities to larger communities or to those with higher decision-making power.________________ communication connects the community to work collaboratively with its own members, environment, and other service systems. _________________ communication reinforces the cohesiveness and communication of all system components, both horizontally and vertically, and helps reduce the silo effects that occur when communication is done only vertically and horizontally.
communication
vertical
horizontal
diagonal
Leadership Leaders lead their members by influencing the decision-making process using their status and _______________ in the community. ________________ leaders are elected official politicians, such as mayors, members of parliament, or the prime minister. _______________ leaders are those with prominent positions in the community, such as religious leaders, executives or representatives of community organizations or professionals, elders of community groups, philanthropists, celebrities, or local heroes.
position
formal
informal
Decision Making __________________ leaders use government policies to make decisions for the community, while ________________ leaders use their status to influence community groups and to effect change. Effective leaders collaborate with community groups to advocate for optimal change.
formal
informal
_______________________ was a movement that began in the 1980s and became an international movement that promotes the health and well-being of members in the community. The guiding principles of __________________________ are based on the concepts of health and health promotion, and that community members from multiple sectors working together to create a sustainable and healthy community.
healthy communities
healthy communities
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ process involves: o Equitable community engagement o Intersecctoral partnerships o Political commitment o Healthy public policy o Asset based community development
healthy communities
Qualities of a healthy community include:
o Clean and safe _______________ environment
o Peace, equity, and ___________________
o Adequate access to ____________, water, shelter, income, safety, work and recreation for all
o Adequate access to ________________ services
o Opportunities for learning and skill development
o Strong, mutually supportive relationships and networks
o_________________ that are supportive of individual and family well being
o Wide participation of residents in decision making
o Strong local _______________ and spiritual heritage
o Diverse and vital economy
o Protection of the natural environment
o Responsible use of resources to ensure long term _______________________
physical social justice food healthcare workplaces cultural sustainability
frameworks
CHNs use models and ____________________ to systematically collect data and analyze the relationships of various data components.
Most existing nursing models and frameworks focus only on _______________ and not community care
individual
epidemiologic triangle (___________-_____________-__________) to examine the frequency and distribution of a disease or health condition in the population being studied. They determine what the community is, who is affected (____________), where and when the condition occurred (_________________), and why and how (______________) it occurred.
host
environment
agent
host
environment
agent `
