Chapter 13 Flashcards
Question: _______ loads are loads that an engineer has planned for or anticipated in the structural design.
Design
Question: _______ is a force that tends to push materials together.
Compression
Question: What is a series of triangles used to form a structural element that in many ways is really a “fake” beam.
Truss
Question: What is a structural element that transfers loads perpendicular to its length?
Beam
Question: A _______ wall carries the weight of beams, other walls, floors, roofs, or other structural elements as well as the weight of the wall itself.
load-bearing
Question: What is the material in between the cords called?
(The) Web
Question: What is a beam that supports other beams?
Girder
Question: What is a series of wood beams placed perpendicular to trusses or other beams to help support roof decking?
Purlin
Question: What is the load that is the amount of heat generated when the building and its contents burn?
Fire (load)
Question: A ________ load is a load that is applied to a small area? An example would be a HVAC Unit on a roof.
Concentrated (load)
Question: This type of framing in older wood frame buildings has the danger that fire can enter the wall space and run straight to the attic because wood studs ran from the foundation to the roof.
Balloon Frame
Question: Pieces of material, usually wood or masonry, placed in stud or joist channels to slow the extension of fire are known as what?
Fire Stopping
Question: The most common building material is what?
Wood
Question: This kind of force tends to “tear” a material apart; the molecules of the material are sliding past each other.
Shear force
Question: This type of framing in wood frame buildings is where one floor is built as a platform for the next floor, creating automatic fire stopping between floors.
Platform Framing
Question: What type of frame is at the top of the list for being the most combustible?
Wood Frame
Question: What type of building construction is noncombustible and prevents the spread of fire from story to story?
Type II
Question: Name one of the two categories that walls are divided into?
Loadbearing walls and non load bearing walls
Question: A beam that is supported at only one end is called?
Cantilever Beam
Question: All loads- and the forces they create- must eventually pass through the structure and be delivered to the earth through the _____ of the building.
Foundation.
Question: The top of a beam is subjected to a compressive force whereas the bottom of the beam is subjected to _____.
Tension.
Question: ______ concrete refers to slabs of concrete that are poured at a factory and then shipped to a job site.
Precast.
Question: Building codes are designed to give occupants time to ______ during a fire.
Escape.
Question: What is the weight of all materials and equipment permanently attached to the building?
Dead loads
Question: What is the weight of equipment, people, movement, and materials not attached to the structure?
Live loads
Question: What load is applied equally over a broad area?
Distributed load
Question: What type of load was not planned for or anticipated?
Undesigned load
Question: What type of beam is supported at the two points near its ends?
Simple beam
Question: what is a joist that is attached to a ridge board to help dorm a peak?
rafter
Question: name one variable that may determine the amount of time a material can resist gravity & fire degradation.
age deterioration, fire load, overall load, material type, condition of fire resistive barriers, surface to mass ratio
Question: A load that is in motion when applied is an?
Impact load
Question: any structural component that transmits a compressive force parallel through its center is a?
Column
Question: A beam that spans an opening in a load bearing wall - such as over a garage door opening, is known as a?
Lintel or Header
Question: Steel ____ strength as temperature increases
Loses
Question: A wood framing member used to support floors or roof decking is known as a?
Joist
Question: _____ are an assembly of structural elements designed to transfer loads to the earth.
Buildings
Question: Which is more likely to collapse first CONVENTIONAL framing roofs or TRUSS construction roofs?
Truss
Question: Most type _____ buildings are of steel construction.
2 or II
Question: _____ Connections use bolts, screws, nails, rivets and similar devices to transfer loads.
pinned
Question: Because concrete has poor tensile and sheer strength, ________ is added as a reinforcement.
Steel
Question: ________ refers to a large pocket of concrete that has basically crumbled into fine particles, taking away the mass of the concrete.
Spalling
Question: A ___________ wall supports only its own weight and is most commonly used as a decorative finish.
Veneer
Question: When referring to building construction, OSB stands for what?
Oriented Strand Board
Question: Collapse zone is _____ times the height of the building.
1 ½
Question: Name one of the three ways loads are imposed on materials.
Axial Load, Eccentric Load, Torsion Load
Question: What does FiRP stand for?
Fiber-Reinforced Products
Question: HVAC stands for?
Heating, Ventilation and Air- Conditioning
Question: This is the most common building material.
Wood
Question: Type in which structure elements are of an approved noncombustible or limited combustible material?
Type 1 (Fire Resistive)
Question: Firefighters struggle to understand the construction of structures by looking from the outside. What is 1 way firefighters can become educated on construction type of a structure?
Performing a walk through of the interior
Question: Once a structure is built…what is the basic concept that the structure is trying to resist?
Gravity
Question: Rebar steel loses what percent of its original strength at 800 degrees?
55%
Question: Mortar has very little tensile strength and what other strength is it lacking?
Shear strength
Question: Large, thin and flat pieces of wood usually 4 feet by 8 feet that are made up of wood chips glued together is called?
OSB or oriented strand board
Question: Name 2 things a building must be built to resist.
Wind, snow, rain, force of gravity
Question: ______ must be delivered to the earth in order for the building to be structurally sound.
Forces
Question: Loads can be divided up into two broad categories as they relate to building construction, they are?
Dead loads/Live loads
Question: Loads must be transmitted to _______ _________.
Structural elements.