Chapter 13

Question 1

(Codon) copies DNA and gives the information to ribosomes.

Answer 1

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 2

(anticodon) brings the amino acids to ribosomes from the cytoplasm.

Answer 2

tRNA (transfer RNA)

Question 3

major component of the ribosome.
- is synthesized in the nucleolus

Answer 3

rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Question 4

Is the making of proteins. (Cytoplasm—Ribosomes).

- occurs in the ribosomes (cytoplasm)

Answer 4

Translation (protein synthesis)

Question 5

occurs in the nucleus. DNA is converted to RNA.
RNA polymerase- enzyme used in this process.

Answer 5

Transcription

Question 6

• the RNA formed is a primary RNA transcript.
• enzymes in the nucleus will chemically modify the
  primary RNA transcript.

Answer 6

RNA Processing

Question 7

Post-transcriptional modification:

Answer 7

1) Addition of a 5’ cap.
2) Poly-A tail addition to the 3’ end.
3. ) Removal of introns and splicing of exons.

Question 8

noncoding regions of RNA.

Answer 8

Introns

Question 9

coding regions of RNA.

Answer 9

Exon

Question 10

every organism has the same genetic code.

Answer 10

genetic code is universal

Question 11

more than one code can code for a specific amino acid.

Answer 11

Redundancy

Question 12

Notes

Answer 12

64 codons ( 3 stop codons)- 20 amino acids

Question 13

involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome.

Answer 13

Deletion

Question 14

produces an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome.

Answer 14

Duplication

Question 15

reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome.

Answer 15

Inversion

Question 16

occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another.

Answer 16

Translocation

Question 17

one base is changed to a different base.

Answer 17

substitution

Question 18

are point mutations in which one base is inserted or removed from the DNA sequence.

Answer 18

Insertions and deletions

Question 19

is the messenger that carries the information.

Answer 19

RNA