Chapter 13 Flashcards
(Codon) copies DNA and gives the information to ribosomes.
mRNA (messenger RNA)
(anticodon) brings the amino acids to ribosomes from the cytoplasm.
tRNA (transfer RNA)
major component of the ribosome.
- is synthesized in the nucleolus
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
Is the making of proteins. (Cytoplasm—Ribosomes).
- occurs in the ribosomes (cytoplasm)
Translation (protein synthesis)
occurs in the nucleus. DNA is converted to RNA.
RNA polymerase- enzyme used in this process.
Transcription
- the RNA formed is a primary RNA transcript.
- enzymes in the nucleus will chemically modify the
primary RNA transcript.
RNA Processing
Post-transcriptional modification:
1) Addition of a 5’ cap.
2) Poly-A tail addition to the 3’ end.
3. ) Removal of introns and splicing of exons.
noncoding regions of RNA.
Introns
coding regions of RNA.
Exon
every organism has the same genetic code.
genetic code is universal
more than one code can code for a specific amino acid.
Redundancy
Notes
64 codons ( 3 stop codons)- 20 amino acids
involves the loss of all or part of a chromosome.
Deletion
produces an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome.
Duplication
reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome.
Inversion
occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another.
Translocation
one base is changed to a different base.
substitution
are point mutations in which one base is inserted or removed from the DNA sequence.
Insertions and deletions
is the messenger that carries the information.
RNA
