chapter 13

Question 1

schedule of reinforcement

Answer 1

is a rule that describes a contingency of reinforcement, those environmental arrangements that determine conditions by which behaviors will produce reinforcement

Question 2

intermittent schedule of reinforcement (INT)

Answer 2

some, but not all occurrences of the behaviors are reinforced.

Question 3

continuous reinforcement

Answer 3

provides reinforcement for each occurrence of Behavior

Question 4

Fixed Ratio (FR)

Answer 4

requires the completion of a number of responses to produce a reinforcer

Question 5

postreinforcement pause

Answer 5

follows reinforcement (the participant does not respond for a period of time following reinforcemnet.
size of ratio influences-
larger ratio- long pauses
small ratio- short pauses

Question 6

variable ratio (VR)

Answer 6

schedule of reinforcement requires the completion of variable number of responses to produce a reinforcer

Question 7

fixed interval (FI)

Answer 7

schedule of reinforcement provides for the first response following a fixed duration of time

Question 8

variable interval (VI)

Answer 8

schedule of reinforcement provides reinforcement for the first correct response following the elapse of variable durations of time

Question 9

limited hold

Answer 9

when added to an interval schedule, reinforcement remains available for a finite time following the elapse of the FI or VI interval. participant will miss the opportunity for reinfrocement if a targeted response does not occur within the time limit.

Question 10

scheduling thinning

Answer 10

gradually increasing the response ratio or duration of time interval.

• teachers often use instructions to clearly communicate the schedules of reinforcement
• rules, directions, and signs

Question 11

ratio strain

Answer 11

results from abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedule

Question 12

differential reinforcement of high rates (DRH)

Answer 12

delivery of the reinforcer is contingent on responses occurring at a rate higher than some predetermined criterion.

Question 13

differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL)

Answer 13

delivery of the reinforcer is contingent on responses occurring at a rate lower than a predetermined criterion

Question 14

differential reinforcements of dimishing rates (DRD)

Answer 14

schedule provides reinforcement at the end of a predetermined time interval when the number of response is less than a criterion that is gradually decreased across time intervals based on individuals performance

Question 15

progressive schedule of reinforcement

Answer 15

systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity independent of the participants behavior

Question 16

compound schedule

Answer 16

combining elements of continuous reinforcment, and intermittent schedules, differential reinforcement of various rates (DRH, DRL) and extinction.

Question 17

concurrent schedule

Answer 17

occurs when:

• 2 or more contingencies of reinforcement
• operate independently and simultaneously for 2 or more behaviors

Question 18

matching law

Answer 18

• concurrent schedule

rate of responding typically is proportional to the rate of reinforcement received from each choice alternative

Question 19

multiple schedule

Answer 19

presents 2 or more basic schedules of reinforcement in an alternating, usually random, sequence. occur successive and independently

Question 20

chained schedule

Answer 20

2 or more schedule requirements that occur successively and have a discriminative stimulus correlated with each independent schedule.

• always occur in specifc order
• BX may be the same for all elements
• conditioned reinforcement is the SD for the next element

Question 21

mixed schedule

Answer 21

identical to multiple schedules, except that has no discriminative stimuli correlated with the independent schedules

Question 22

tandem schedule

Answer 22

identical to chained schedule except does not have a discriminative stimulus with the elements in the chain

Question 23

alternative schedule

Answer 23

provides reinforcement whenever the requirement of either a ratio or interval schedule is met regardless of which on was met first.

Question 24

conjunctive schedule

Answer 24

in effect whenever reinforcement follows the completion of response requirements for both a ratio and an interval schedule of reinforcement.

Question 25

adjunctive behavior

Answer 25

normal time filling behaviors (doodling, smoking, idle talking, drinking)
schedule induced behaviors- when the frequency of these behaviors increases as a side effect of other behaviors maintained by a schedule of reinforcement.