Chapter 13 Flashcards
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What is the unifying feature of all species in Phylum Chordata?
Spinal Chords
What is the difference between amphibian and reptile eggs?
Reptile eggs are leathery, whereas amphibian eggs are jelly-like.
What are the eight Phyla that are invertebrates?
Porifera, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, and Arthropoda.
What are the three types of symmetry?
Asymmetry, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry.
Example of asymmetry in a species:
Sponges.
Example of radial symmetry in a species:
Jellyfish.
Example of bilateral symmetry in a species:
Peeple.
What are the four Kingdoms in the Eukarya domain?
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Define heterotrophic:
Eats other organisms.
Term for specialized cells that have a defined function:
Tissues
What are ectotherms?
Animals that rely on external sources of heat to stabilize their body temperatures.
What are endotherms?
Animals that can generate their own body heat.
Examples of endotherms:
Birds and mammals.
Example of ectotherms:
Amphibians, fish, and reptiles.
Only marsupial species in North America also found in Kansas:
Opossum
What is a four-limbed creature called?
Tetrapod
Define thermoregulation:
How an organism heats their body.
What are amniotes?
Creatures that develop within a protective membrane.
How do marsupials differ from other mammals?
After they give birth, the young move into the mother’s pouch until they are old enough to emerge.
How do we tell the worm Phyla apart?
We tell them apart based on whether or not their bodies are segmented, and their shape.
What are the three worm Phyla?
Annelida, Nematoda, and Platyhelminthes.
What are the majority of Animalia species classified as?
Invertebrates
What type of symmetry do humans have?
Bilateral
Class of animal that is hairy and produces milk:
Mammal
Class of animal that is scaly and lives underwater:
Fish
Class of animal that is slimy-skinned and lays jelly-like eggs:
Amphibian
Class of animal that is scaly but lays leathery eggs and lives on land:
Reptile
True or false: All animals are vertebrates.
False. The majority are invertebrates whereas vertebrates make up a small percentage.
What is the difference between being poisonous and venomous?
Being poisonous means it hurts you if you eat it. Being venomous means it hurts if it bites you.
What are the nine phyla?
Porifera, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, and Chordata.
What are the three qualifiers for being an animal?
Being heterotrophic, able to move, and multicellular.
How many Phyla are there in total?
36
What is the name for animals whose gut development starts with the mouth?
Protostomes
What is the name for animals whose mouths develop second?
Dueterostomes
Defining characteristics of Phylum Porifera:
Lack of specialized tissues, pump water through pores to eat, and are sessile as adults.
Defining characteristics of Phylum Cnidaria:
Radial symmetry, carnivorous, stinging cells, and polyp or medusa forms.
Main animal of Phylum Porifera:
Sponges
Animals in Phylum Cnidaria:
Jellyfish, coral, and sea anemones.
What happens to coral if the water is too warm?
It starts to “spit out” the algae that it lives with symbiotically, which leads to bleaching and death.
Key features of Phylum Platyhelminthes:
Growth by adding to body mass and not molting, well-defined head and tail, and a gut with one opening.
Key animals of Phylum Platyhelminthes:
Flatworms and flukes.
What is Schistosomiasis
A parasitic disease second to malaria; Is contracted by coming into contact with contaminated water.
Key features of Phylum Nematoda:
Growth by molting, mostly parasitic, and unsegmented bodies.
Key animals of Phylum Nematoda:
Roundworms
Key diseases/parasites from roundworms
Hookworms, heartworms, pinworms, and elephantiasis.
Key feature of Phylum Annelida:
Body segmentation
Most notable animals from Phylum Annelida:
Earthworms and marine worms.
Key features of Phylum Mollusca:
Defined tissues, have bilateral symmetry, don’t molt, are protostomes, and have a shell (aka a mantle, but there are exceptions).
Key creatures from Phylum Mollusca:
Snails, slugs, clams, scallops, squids, and octopuses.
What are Gastropods?
Name means “belly foot”, and they are snails and slugs.
What are Bivalves?
They are creatures like clams and scallops with hinged shells.
What are cephalapods?
Name means “head foot”, and they are squids, octopuses, and nautiluses.
Key features of Phylum Arthropoda:
Bilateral symmetry, segmented body parts, exoskeleton made of chitin, and jointed appendages.
Groups of arthropods:
Insects, Millipedes, Arachnids, and Crustaceans.
Arachnids you’ll forget about:
Horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, mites, and chiggers.
Crustaceans you’ll forget about:
Shrimp, barnacles, wood louse, and crayfish.
What is a vector?
An insect or animal that transmits a disease to others (ie; mosquitos).
Key characteristics of Echinodermata:
Radial symmetry in adulthood, being deuterostomes, lacking a brain, and having tube feet.
Thingies a part of Phylum Echinodermata:
Sea stars, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers.
Key creatures of Phylum Chordata
Tunicates, lancelets, and vertebrates.
What are tunicates?
As larvae, they have chordate characteristics and they are filter feeders.
What are lancelets?
Filter feeders.
What are vertebrates?
Animals with a backbone, a head with a skull, a brain, and sensory organs.
What are the characteristics of Chordates?
Notochords, pharyngeal slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and a post-anal tail.
What are the five major classes of vertebrates?
Fishes, amphibians, reptiles and birds, and mammals.
What are the simplest vertebrates?
Jawless fish such as lampreys and hagfish.
What are the three types of jawed fish?
Cartilaginous fishes, ray-finned fishes, and lobe-finned fishes.
Examples of cartilaginous fishes:
Sharks and rays.
Ray-finned fishes are:
Basically the fish we always think of.
Example of lobe-finned fishes:
Lungfish and coelacanths.
Key characteristics of fish:
Exothermic, scales, slimy skin, and permanent gills.
Key characteristics of amphibians:
Exothermic, slimy skin, no scales, lay eggs in water, and undergo metamorphosis.
Key characteristics of reptiles:
Exothermic, can live in extreme heat, have dry and scaly skin, and lay eggs on land.
Key characteristics of birds:
Reptilian ancestry, are endothermic, need lots of energy (more food), lay eggs, and have feathers.
Key features of mammals:
Reptilian ancestry, being endothermic, hair, and mammary glands (milk production).
What are the three groups of mammals?
Monotremes, marsupials, and placental.
What separates monotreme from other mammals?
They lay eggs but still feed their young with milk.
What makes placental animals different?
They have placentas.
Early primates had…
Forward-facing eyes, shoulder and elbow joints, and ten fingers and toes for grabbing.
When did primates evolve?
55 MYA
When did the human and chimpanzee lineages separate?
5-6 MYA
Homo Erectus migrated from Africa to Europe…
2 MYA
