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ELS Pittsburg State > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the unifying feature of all species in Phylum Chordata?

A

Spinal Chords

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2
Q

What is the difference between amphibian and reptile eggs?

A

Reptile eggs are leathery, whereas amphibian eggs are jelly-like.

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3
Q

What are the eight Phyla that are invertebrates?

A

Porifera, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, and Arthropoda.

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4
Q

What are the three types of symmetry?

A

Asymmetry, radial symmetry, and bilateral symmetry.

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5
Q

Example of asymmetry in a species:

A

Sponges.

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6
Q

Example of radial symmetry in a species:

A

Jellyfish.

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7
Q

Example of bilateral symmetry in a species:

A

Peeple.

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8
Q

What are the four Kingdoms in the Eukarya domain?

A

Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

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9
Q

Define heterotrophic:

A

Eats other organisms.

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10
Q

Term for specialized cells that have a defined function:

A

Tissues

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11
Q

What are ectotherms?

A

Animals that rely on external sources of heat to stabilize their body temperatures.

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12
Q

What are endotherms?

A

Animals that can generate their own body heat.

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13
Q

Examples of endotherms:

A

Birds and mammals.

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14
Q

Example of ectotherms:

A

Amphibians, fish, and reptiles.

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15
Q

Only marsupial species in North America also found in Kansas:

A

Opossum

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16
Q

What is a four-limbed creature called?

A

Tetrapod

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17
Q

Define thermoregulation:

A

How an organism heats their body.

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18
Q

What are amniotes?

A

Creatures that develop within a protective membrane.

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19
Q

How do marsupials differ from other mammals?

A

After they give birth, the young move into the mother’s pouch until they are old enough to emerge.

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20
Q

How do we tell the worm Phyla apart?

A

We tell them apart based on whether or not their bodies are segmented, and their shape.

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21
Q

What are the three worm Phyla?

A

Annelida, Nematoda, and Platyhelminthes.

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22
Q

What are the majority of Animalia species classified as?

A

Invertebrates

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23
Q

What type of symmetry do humans have?

A

Bilateral

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24
Q

Class of animal that is hairy and produces milk:

A

Mammal

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25
Q

Class of animal that is scaly and lives underwater:

A

Fish

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26
Q

Class of animal that is slimy-skinned and lays jelly-like eggs:

A

Amphibian

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27
Q

Class of animal that is scaly but lays leathery eggs and lives on land:

A

Reptile

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28
Q

True or false: All animals are vertebrates.

A

False. The majority are invertebrates whereas vertebrates make up a small percentage.

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29
Q

What is the difference between being poisonous and venomous?

A

Being poisonous means it hurts you if you eat it. Being venomous means it hurts if it bites you.

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30
Q

What are the nine phyla?

A

Porifera, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, and Chordata.

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31
Q

What are the three qualifiers for being an animal?

A

Being heterotrophic, able to move, and multicellular.

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32
Q

How many Phyla are there in total?

A

36

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33
Q

What is the name for animals whose gut development starts with the mouth?

A

Protostomes

34
Q

What is the name for animals whose mouths develop second?

A

Dueterostomes

35
Q

Defining characteristics of Phylum Porifera:

A

Lack of specialized tissues, pump water through pores to eat, and are sessile as adults.

36
Q

Defining characteristics of Phylum Cnidaria:

A

Radial symmetry, carnivorous, stinging cells, and polyp or medusa forms.

37
Q

Main animal of Phylum Porifera:

A

Sponges

38
Q

Animals in Phylum Cnidaria:

A

Jellyfish, coral, and sea anemones.

39
Q

What happens to coral if the water is too warm?

A

It starts to “spit out” the algae that it lives with symbiotically, which leads to bleaching and death.

40
Q

Key features of Phylum Platyhelminthes:

A

Growth by adding to body mass and not molting, well-defined head and tail, and a gut with one opening.

41
Q

Key animals of Phylum Platyhelminthes:

A

Flatworms and flukes.

42
Q

What is Schistosomiasis

A

A parasitic disease second to malaria; Is contracted by coming into contact with contaminated water.

43
Q

Key features of Phylum Nematoda:

A

Growth by molting, mostly parasitic, and unsegmented bodies.

44
Q

Key animals of Phylum Nematoda:

A

Roundworms

45
Q

Key diseases/parasites from roundworms

A

Hookworms, heartworms, pinworms, and elephantiasis.

46
Q

Key feature of Phylum Annelida:

A

Body segmentation

47
Q

Most notable animals from Phylum Annelida:

A

Earthworms and marine worms.

48
Q

Key features of Phylum Mollusca:

A

Defined tissues, have bilateral symmetry, don’t molt, are protostomes, and have a shell (aka a mantle, but there are exceptions).

49
Q

Key creatures from Phylum Mollusca:

A

Snails, slugs, clams, scallops, squids, and octopuses.

50
Q

What are Gastropods?

A

Name means “belly foot”, and they are snails and slugs.

51
Q

What are Bivalves?

A

They are creatures like clams and scallops with hinged shells.

52
Q

What are cephalapods?

A

Name means “head foot”, and they are squids, octopuses, and nautiluses.

53
Q

Key features of Phylum Arthropoda:

A

Bilateral symmetry, segmented body parts, exoskeleton made of chitin, and jointed appendages.

54
Q

Groups of arthropods:

A

Insects, Millipedes, Arachnids, and Crustaceans.

55
Q

Arachnids you’ll forget about:

A

Horseshoe crabs, scorpions, ticks, mites, and chiggers.

56
Q

Crustaceans you’ll forget about:

A

Shrimp, barnacles, wood louse, and crayfish.

57
Q

What is a vector?

A

An insect or animal that transmits a disease to others (ie; mosquitos).

58
Q

Key characteristics of Echinodermata:

A

Radial symmetry in adulthood, being deuterostomes, lacking a brain, and having tube feet.

59
Q

Thingies a part of Phylum Echinodermata:

A

Sea stars, brittle stars, sand dollars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers.

60
Q

Key creatures of Phylum Chordata

A

Tunicates, lancelets, and vertebrates.

61
Q

What are tunicates?

A

As larvae, they have chordate characteristics and they are filter feeders.

62
Q

What are lancelets?

A

Filter feeders.

63
Q

What are vertebrates?

A

Animals with a backbone, a head with a skull, a brain, and sensory organs.

64
Q

What are the characteristics of Chordates?

A

Notochords, pharyngeal slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord, and a post-anal tail.

65
Q

What are the five major classes of vertebrates?

A

Fishes, amphibians, reptiles and birds, and mammals.

66
Q

What are the simplest vertebrates?

A

Jawless fish such as lampreys and hagfish.

67
Q

What are the three types of jawed fish?

A

Cartilaginous fishes, ray-finned fishes, and lobe-finned fishes.

68
Q

Examples of cartilaginous fishes:

A

Sharks and rays.

69
Q

Ray-finned fishes are:

A

Basically the fish we always think of.

70
Q

Example of lobe-finned fishes:

A

Lungfish and coelacanths.

71
Q

Key characteristics of fish:

A

Exothermic, scales, slimy skin, and permanent gills.

72
Q

Key characteristics of amphibians:

A

Exothermic, slimy skin, no scales, lay eggs in water, and undergo metamorphosis.

73
Q

Key characteristics of reptiles:

A

Exothermic, can live in extreme heat, have dry and scaly skin, and lay eggs on land.

74
Q

Key characteristics of birds:

A

Reptilian ancestry, are endothermic, need lots of energy (more food), lay eggs, and have feathers.

75
Q

Key features of mammals:

A

Reptilian ancestry, being endothermic, hair, and mammary glands (milk production).

76
Q

What are the three groups of mammals?

A

Monotremes, marsupials, and placental.

77
Q

What separates monotreme from other mammals?

A

They lay eggs but still feed their young with milk.

78
Q

What makes placental animals different?

A

They have placentas.

79
Q

Early primates had…

A

Forward-facing eyes, shoulder and elbow joints, and ten fingers and toes for grabbing.

80
Q

When did primates evolve?

A

55 MYA

81
Q

When did the human and chimpanzee lineages separate?

A

5-6 MYA

82
Q

Homo Erectus migrated from Africa to Europe…

A

2 MYA

ELS Pittsburg State (6 decks)

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