Chapter 10

Question 1

Actions performed by an organism in response to its environment.

Answer 1

Behavior

Question 2

Genetic change of a population over time.

Answer 2

Evolution

Question 3

Those who survive natural selection.

Answer 3

The fittest

Question 4

This and Greek are what language scientific names are in.

Answer 4

Latin

Question 5

Nerves that are sensitive to stimulating energy.

Answer 5

Receptors

Question 6

The study of animal behavior.

Answer 6

Ethology

Question 7

A random change in DNA.

Answer 7

Mutation

Question 8

The formation of a new species.

Answer 8

Speciation

Question 9

The largest taxonomic unit.

Answer 9

Domain

Question 10

The receptor responsible for sensing the body’s position.

Answer 10

Muscle

Question 11

What is natural selection?

Answer 11

When an organism can survive long enough to reproduce.

Question 12

What are random mutations?

Answer 12

Traits that occur by chance.

Question 13

When certain alleles become more or less common in a population, this is called:

Answer 13

Genetic drift

Question 14

_____ is a group of organisms that consistently interbreed.

Answer 14

Population

Question 15

Why are some nerve endings on the body more sensitive than others?

Answer 15

Not all body parts are used to gather sensory info.

Question 16

Different organisms can be related through their…

Answer 16

Evolutionary histories

Question 17

Left over traits that no longer serve a purpose:

Answer 17

Vestigial structures

Question 18

Anatomy of different organisms that serve the same purposes.

Answer 18

Analogous structures

Question 19

The study of distributed species around the world.

Answer 19

Biogeography

Question 20

What are the geologic eras in order from youngest to oldest?

Answer 20

Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic

Question 21

When did Europe and North America break apart into their own continents?

Answer 21

During the Mesozoic era

Question 22

How does an organism get fit?

Answer 22

By adapting

Question 23

When the trait of an organism changes drastically in one direction.

Answer 23

Directional selection

Question 24

When the average population stabilizes a trait:

Answer 24

Stabilizing selection

Question 25

Changes in a population where extreme values of a trait are the most favorable.

Answer 25

Disruptive selection

Question 26

Evolution is:

Answer 26

Change in allele frequencies over time.

Question 27

How does evolution happen?

Answer 27

Natural selection

Question 28

True or False: Evolution does not occur in an individual.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Who came up with the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?

Answer 29

Darwin

Question 30

What is an extreme environment change that causes a species to drastically change allele frequencies?

Answer 30

Bottleneck effect

Question 31

What is migration?

Answer 31

Gene flow, where new genes are introduced.

Question 32

What is needed for natural selection?

Answer 32

The variation for inheritable traits and differential reproductive success.

Question 33

What are transitional fossils?

Answer 33

The fossilized remains of an organism that are similar to both their ancestors and descendants.

Question 34

Primary example of a transitional fossil:

Answer 34

Archaeopteryx

Question 35

Another explanation for genetic drift:

Answer 35

Random changes in allele frequency.

Question 36

Where does mutation occur?

Answer 36

Sex cells

Question 37

What is the effect that occurs when a population is isolated, causing certain traits to become dominant?

Answer 37

The founder effect