Chapter 10 Flashcards
Evolution, Behavior, and Natty Select
Actions performed by an organism in response to its environment.
Behavior
Genetic change of a population over time.
Evolution
Those who survive natural selection.
The fittest
This and Greek are what language scientific names are in.
Latin
Nerves that are sensitive to stimulating energy.
Receptors
The study of animal behavior.
Ethology
A random change in DNA.
Mutation
The formation of a new species.
Speciation
The largest taxonomic unit.
Domain
The receptor responsible for sensing the body’s position.
Muscle
What is natural selection?
When an organism can survive long enough to reproduce.
What are random mutations?
Traits that occur by chance.
When certain alleles become more or less common in a population, this is called:
Genetic drift
_____ is a group of organisms that consistently interbreed.
Population
Why are some nerve endings on the body more sensitive than others?
Not all body parts are used to gather sensory info.
Different organisms can be related through their…
Evolutionary histories
Left over traits that no longer serve a purpose:
Vestigial structures
Anatomy of different organisms that serve the same purposes.
Analogous structures
The study of distributed species around the world.
Biogeography
What are the geologic eras in order from youngest to oldest?
Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic
When did Europe and North America break apart into their own continents?
During the Mesozoic era
How does an organism get fit?
By adapting
When the trait of an organism changes drastically in one direction.
Directional selection
When the average population stabilizes a trait:
Stabilizing selection
Changes in a population where extreme values of a trait are the most favorable.
Disruptive selection
Evolution is:
Change in allele frequencies over time.
How does evolution happen?
Natural selection
True or False: Evolution does not occur in an individual.
True
Who came up with the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?
Darwin
What is an extreme environment change that causes a species to drastically change allele frequencies?
Bottleneck effect
What is migration?
Gene flow, where new genes are introduced.
What is needed for natural selection?
The variation for inheritable traits and differential reproductive success.
What are transitional fossils?
The fossilized remains of an organism that are similar to both their ancestors and descendants.
Primary example of a transitional fossil:
Archaeopteryx
Another explanation for genetic drift:
Random changes in allele frequency.
Where does mutation occur?
Sex cells
What is the effect that occurs when a population is isolated, causing certain traits to become dominant?
The founder effect
