Chapter 13 & 14 Flashcards
Descriptive statistics
Procedures used to summarize, organize, and make sense if a set of scores or observations
Graphs, tables, summary
Frequency distribution
A table summary display for a distribution of data organizes or summarize in terms of how often a category, score, or range of scores occur
Used to summarize:
- frequency of each individual score or category
- frequency of scores falling within deciden ranges or intervals
Bar graph
Graph display used to summarize the frequency of discrete and categorical data using bars to represent each frequency
Histogram
A graph display used to summarize the frequency of co robots data that are distributed in numeric intervals using bars connected at the upper limits of each interval
Scatter plot
Graphical display of discrete data points (x,y) used to summarize the relationship between two variables
P Value
The probability of obtaining a sample outcome if the value stated in the null hypothesis were true
When p > .05 NOT SIGNIFICANT
when p < .05 SIGNIFICANT
Correlation analyses
The extent to which two factors are related
Relationship between variables
APA: r = x, p = x, N =
R= Pearson P= significance
Linear regression
The extent to which we can use known values of one factor to predict values of a second factor
APA: Beta (symbol) = x, F(x), = x, p < > x, ( R^2 = x )
ANOVA
Concerning the mean differences between one or more groups
APA: F(x) = x, p value , eta squared = , (M = x, SD = x)
Independent- sample t test
Mean difference for different groups
APA: (M = x, SD = x). t(x) = x, p value , CI 95% = [x, x], Cohen’s d =
Chi-square
Used to determine whether observed frequencies at each level of one categorical variable are similar to or different form frequencies expected
APA: X^2 = x, P value
