Chapter 10

Question 1

Between subjects design

Answer 1

different participants are observed one time in each group or at each level of a factor

Question 2

Between-subjects experimental design

Answer 2

the levels of a between subjects factor are manipulated, then different participants are randomly assigned to each group or to each level of that factor, and observed one time

Question 3

Between-subjects design advantages

Answer 3

Meets all three requirements of an experiment

- randomization 
- manipulation 
- and the inclusion of a comparison/control group

Used random assignment to assign different participants to one and only one group

Observed one time only, thus researchers don’t have to track participants and participants don’t dropout

Question 4

Between-subjects design disadvantages

Answer 4

Sample size require can be large

Multiple groups to observed, this is too impractical due to limited funds and participants available

Question 5

Natural manipulations

Answer 5

Stimulus can be changed naturally with little effort

Typically involves the manipulation of a physical stimulus

• light
• color
• sound

Question 6

Staged manipulations

Answer 6

The manipulation of an independent variable that requires the participant to be “set up” to experience some stimulus or event

Often requires the help of a confederate

Question 7

What are some Restricted measures of control ?

Answer 7

Restricted random assignment

- control by matching 
- control by holding constant

Question 8

Restricted random assignment

Answer 8

A method of controlling differences in participant characteristics between groups in a study by first restricting a sample based on known participant characteristics, then using a random procedure to assign participants to each group

Question 9

Control by holding constant

Answer 9

A type of restricted random assignment in which we limit which participants are included in a sample based on characteristics they exhibit that may otherwise differ between groups in a study

Question 10

Control by matching

Answer 10

A type of restricted random assignment in which we assess or measure the characteristics we want to control, group or categorize participants based on scores on that measure, and then use a random procedure to assign participants from each category to a group in the study

Question 11

Confounding variables

Answer 11

An unanticipated variable not accounted for in a research study that could be causing or associated with observed changes in one or more measured variables

Question 12

Control

Answer 12

In research design is

a) the manipulation of a variable
b) holding all other variables constant

Control low= criterion not met
Control high= both criteria are met

Question 13

Extraneous variables

Answer 13

Any variables other than the independent variable that seem likely to influence the dependent variable in a specific study.