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Government > Chapter 13-14 > Flashcards

Chapter 13-14 Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Federalist 10 warn?

A

Factions need to be controlled.

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2
Q

Who wrote Federalist 10?

A

James Madison

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3
Q

What are interest groups?

A

Organized collections of people or organizations that try to influence public policy.

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4
Q

What are some different names for interest groups?

A

Special interests, pressure groups, organized interest groups.

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5
Q

How are interest groups and political parties different?

A

Interest groups do not run for office. Instead, they attempt to influence those who do run.

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6
Q

What does “bowling alone” mean?

A

It means not joining groups of kind and handline politics by yourself.

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7
Q

Who argued that fewer Americans are bowling alone?

A

Robert Putman

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8
Q

What was the American Anti-Slave Society?

A

A major interest group founded in 1833 to advocate for the abolition of slavery throughout the United States.

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9
Q

What was the Women’s Christian Temperance Union?

A

A public interest group created in 1874 with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor. Its activities included prayer groups, protest maarches, lobbying, and the destruction of saloons.

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10
Q

What is a saloon?

A

An old fashioned bar.

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11
Q

What is the Grange?

A

A group founded in 1867 as an educational organization for farmers and branched out to a national interest group to protect the politicals and economic conerns of farming communities and rural areas.

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12
Q

What was the progressive movement?

A

A broad group of political and social activists from the 1890s to 1920s. They opposed corruption of government, supported regulation of monopolies and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions.

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13
Q

What are public interest groups?

A

Organizations that seek a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members.

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14
Q

What is the American Federation Of Labor?

A

AFL was founded in 1886. It brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organization for the first time. It merged in 1955 with the Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL-CIO.

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15
Q

What is the National Association of Manufacturers?

A

NAM was founded in 1895 by manufacturers to combat the growth of organized labor.

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16
Q

What is the U.S. Chamber of Commerce?

A

It is a major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912.

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17
Q

What is a Trade Association

A

A group that represents a specific industry.

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18
Q

Who was Jerry Falwell?

A

He was a southern Baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the Moral Majority.

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19
Q

What is the Moral Majority?

A

A conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservative Evangelical Christian voters from its founding in 1978 through the presidency of Ronald Reagan.

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20
Q

Who was Pat Robertson?

A

He was a southern Baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the Christian Coalition.

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21
Q

What is the Christian Coalition?

A

A religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative Christian principles and traditional values in American politics.

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22
Q

What is the National Rifle Association?

A

The NRA is the major gun-rights lobbying group in the United States, which opposes gun control and advances an expansive interpretation of the Second Amendment.

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23
Q

What are Social Capitals?

A

cooperative relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems.

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24
Q

What is Civic Virtue?

A

The tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good.

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25
Q

What is the pluralist theory

A

The theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups.

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26
Q

What is the disturbance theory

A

The theory that interest groups form as a result of changes in the political system.

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27
Q

What is the transactions theory?

A

The theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors.

28
Q

What is Collective good?

A

Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write-off or a better environment.

29
Q

What is an economic interest group?

A

An interest group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interests of its members.

30
Q

What is a political action committee?

A

An officially recognized organization that represents interest groups and is allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaigns.

31
Q

What is Lobbying?

A

The activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s positions.

32
Q

Who is Marian Wright Edelman?

A

A lawyer who in 1973 founded the Children’s defense fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups.

33
Q

What is a patron?

A

A person who finances a group or individual activity.

34
Q

What is a free-rider problem?

A

Those potential members who fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing to the effort.

35
Q

What is the lobbying disclosure act?

A

A 1995 federal law that employed a strict definition of lobbyists and established strict reporting on the activities of lobbyists. It required lobbyists to register with both houses of congress.

36
Q

What is the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007?

A

A lobbying reform banning gifts to members of Congress and their staff, toughening disclosure requirements, and increasing time limits on moving from the federal government to the private sector.

37
Q

What is an organized interest?

A

A collection of people or groups with shared attitudes who make claims on government.

38
Q

When did interest groups begin to emerge?

A

The 1830s.

39
Q

The 1960s saw the rise of what?

A

A wide variety of liberal interest groups.

40
Q

During the 1970s and 1980s, we saw a rise of what?

A

conservative groups to counteract liberal effort.

41
Q

What two ways do political scientists approach the development of interest groups?

A

The pluralist theory and the transactions approach.

42
Q

What do interest groups fill?

A

Voids left by the major political parties by giving Americans opportunities to make organized claims.

43
Q

What does Rating refer to?

A

Many ideological groups rate candidates to help their members (and the general public) evaluate the voting records of members of Congress. They use these ratings to help their members and other voters make informed voting decisions.

44
Q

What is direct lobbying?

A

Any attempt to influence legislation (new or existing) by communicating with a member of the legislative body or other.

45
Q

What is Astroturf lobbying?

A

The practice of creating the appearance of grassroots support for a position, as by hiring bloggers to promote that position or establishing ostensibly ..Astroturf lobbying campaigns thrive off of the same manipulation that feed Twitter bots and fake social media accounts.

46
Q

What is an Earmark?

A

Congressional provisions directing funds to be spent on specific projects (or directs specific exemptions from taxes or mandated fees).

47
Q

What do Equal opportunity interest groups do?

A

They promote the civil and economic rights of underrepresented or disadvantaged groups.

48
Q

What is indirect lobbying?

A

Those “grassroots” lobbying communications that attempt to influence legislation through attempts to affect the opinions of the general public.

49
Q

How are Super PACs different from normal PACs?

A

They may raise unlimited funds since political speech is considered protected speech, but such funds may not be given to or spent in coordination with a candidate’s campaign.

50
Q

What is a political cue?

A

A piece of information that helps a person decide how to vote.

51
Q

What does Grassroots lobbying involve?

A

The mass mobilization of the public around a legislative issue.

52
Q

What are government interest groups?

A

Unique types of interest groups that represent the interests of governments to other governments.

53
Q

What is a social protest?

A

A form of political expression that seeks to bring about social or political change by influencing the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the public or the policies of an organization or institution.

54
Q

What is an Iron triangle?

A

Used to describe a relationship that develops between congressional committees, the federal bureaucracy and interest groups during the policy creation process.

55
Q

What are issue networks?

A

An alliance of various interest groups and individuals who unite in order to promote a common cause or agenda in a way that influences government policy.

56
Q

What are factions now called?

A

Interest groups.

57
Q

What is the Madison Dilemma?

A

Allowing people the liberty to form groups and express their views could destroy the hope for an orderly society.

58
Q

What are interest groups protected under?

A

The 1st Amendment.

59
Q

What is a Linkage institution?

A

Link citizens to government by
-Express their members’ preferences to the government
–Convey government policy information to their
members
–Raise and spend money to gain access to
Policymakers

60
Q

Why do interest groups keep growing?

A

Economic developments,

Government policies, diversity of the population, diffusion of power in government, and weakness of political parties.

61
Q

What is a think tank?

A

A think tank is an institute or corporation that uses specialized knowledge to perform in-depth research on a wide variety of subjects. Some think tanks also advocate for change by using their research to influence public opinion and policymakers.

62
Q

Why do interest groups reflect upper class bias?

A
  1. Upper class people have more money to join, be active, and to donate.
  2. Interest groups representing business and the professions are much more numerous and better financed than organizations representing minorities, consumers, or the disadvantaged.
63
Q

What is a Pundit?

A

An expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called on to give opinions about it to the public.

64
Q

What is a Trial Balloon?

A

A tentative measure taken or statement made to see how a new policy will be received.

65
Q

What is a sound bite?

A

A memorable comment that can easily be fit into news broadcasts.

Government (9 decks)

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