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Government > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Open Primary?

A

Anyone can participate. Crossover voting occurs frequently, though we don’t have much evidence of raiding.

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2
Q

What is a Closed Primary?

A

Only the party’s registered voters can participate. Considered “healthier” for the party.

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3
Q

What is a Blanket Primary?

A

You can vote in both primaries in a blanket primary.

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4
Q

What is a Runoff primary?

A

Top 2 with most support run again.

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5
Q

What is a Nonpartisan Primary?

A

In Louisiana and Nebraska you select candidates without regard to party affiliation.

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6
Q

What are General Elections?

A

Determines who will actually serve.

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7
Q

What are Initiative elections?

A

People introduce legislation to be voted on (state/local level only, must attain signatures).

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8
Q

What are Referendum elections?

A

Legislatures allow electorate to vote on legislation.

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9
Q

What are recall elections?

A

Removal of an incumbent by popular vote.

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10
Q

What is a Caucus?

A

Traditionally a closed meeting of party activists who would discuss and choose the candidate.

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11
Q

What is the argument against Caucuses?

A

They are elitist and primaries are more democratic because the people are the ones voting and making decisions.

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12
Q

What is the argument for Caucuses?

A

It provides quality over quantity.

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13
Q

Who hosts the first primary every year?

A

New Hampshire. Critics argue its a small, heavily white and conservative, and excessive coverage skews info.

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14
Q

Who hosts the first caucus?

A

Iowa.

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15
Q

What is First-loading?

A

States choosing early dates on the primary calendar. They favor whichever candidate can raise the most money before the nomination begins.

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16
Q

Who are delegates?

A

Representatives of the party. They attend National Convention, Formally choose the candidate, and help in platform adoption.

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17
Q

What has weakened parties?

A

Changes in delegate selection.

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18
Q

Delegates used to be what?

A

Uncommitted to any particular candidate. Now we use primaries and caucuses and choose delegates who are already committed to a winning candidate.

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19
Q

What kind of representation are our delegates now?

A

Proportional Representation.

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20
Q

What are superdelegates?

A

Delegates that Democrats use that have the ability to choose whoever they want. However, they require a certain amount of minority representation.

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21
Q

What is the electoral college?

A

The body of people who actually select the president and vice president.

22
Q

Why does the electoral college exist?

A

Framers thought average Americans were not well enough informed to choose wisely.

23
Q

How is number of electors given to each state calculated?

A

Number of representatives plus number of senators. There is a minimum of three.

24
Q

What is the total number of electorates?

A
  1. 269 is a tie and 270 is needed to win.
25
Q

What does the 23rd amendment grant?

A

Washington DC is granted 3 Electorates.

26
Q

What two states split their votes?

A

Maine and Nebraska.

27
Q

What did the 15th, 17th, 19th, and 26th amendment provide?

A

Expansion of opportunities for political participation.

28
Q

What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

A

It allowed the federal government to enforce voting rights in states which had a history of voting discrimination.

29
Q

What did the Voting Rights Act dramatically increase?

A

Black registration rates.

30
Q

What are the four political models?

A

Rational choice, Retrospective voting, Prospective voting, Party-line voting.

30
Q

What are the four political models?

A

Rational choice, Retrospective voting, Prospective voting, Party-line voting.

31
Q

What is Rational Choice voting?

A

Voting based on what is perceived to be in the citizen’s individual interest.

32
Q

What is retrospective voting?

A

Voting to decide whether the party or candidate in power should be reelected based on the recent past.

33
Q

What is Prospective voting?

A

Voting based on predictions on how a party or candidate will perform in the future.

34
Q

What is party-line voting?

A

Supporting a part by voting for candidates from one political party for all public offices at the same level of government.

35
Q

What factors influence voter choice?

A

Party identification, ideological orientation, candidates characteristics, contemporary political issues, religious beliefs or affiliation, gender, race, and ethnicity.

36
Q

What does PAC stand for?

A

Political Action Committee.

37
Q

What do PACs do?

A

They influence elections and policy-making through fundraising and spending.

38
Q

How can you have political efficacy?

A

Voting in elections, learning and understanding political knowledge, having political discussions, attending political meetings, forming interest groups, contacting public officials, campaigning for a candidate, political party, ballot issue.

39
Q

What are special elections?

A

Voters must decide on an issue or a candidate in special circumstances not related to a primary or general election. They are only held at the state or local level.

40
Q

What are the three types of special elections?

A

Initiative, Referendum, and Recall

41
Q

What is an Initiative Election?

A

Citizens propose a new law with enough signatures.

42
Q

What is a Referendum election?

A

Legislatures refer a law to be voted by the people.

43
Q

What is a recall vote?

A

Citizens petition to hold an election to choose to remove a public official.

44
Q

What is the incumbency effect?

A

Generally win elections due to low voter turn out, success campaigning.

45
Q

What is the franking privlege?

A

Free mailing to constituents.

46
Q

What is the Coattail effect?

A

Weak or less known candidates win based on success of popular candidates through party affiliation.

47
Q

What are Majority-Minority districts?

A

A congressional district in which a racial minority group or groups comprise of a majority of the district’s population.

48
Q

What are the phases of presidential candidacy?

A
  1. Exploration
  2. Announcement
  3. Primaries and Caucuses
  4. Nominating Conventions
  5. General Election Campaign
  6. Electoral College.
49
Q

What is Hard Money?

A

Financial contribution is directly given to the candidate. (doner information must be disclosed.)

50
Q

What are matching funds?

A

Federal funds matching presidential candidate contributions.

Government (9 decks)

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