Chapter 12 Vocab 1

Question 1

neuroglia

Answer 1

glial cells, support and protect neurons
supportive neural cell

Question 2

axon

Answer 2

single process of the neuron that carries an electrical signal (action potential) away from the cell body toward a target cell
the fiber that connects a neuron with its target

Question 3

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 3

consists of spinal cord and brain
neural tissue, connective tissue, and blood vessels
processes and coordinates hormone levels, blood pressure, outside sensory information, major commands, and higher functions (brain intelligence, memory, learning, emotions, etc.)
anatomical division of the nervous system located within the cranial and vertebral cavities, namely the brain and spinal cord

Question 4

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 4

all neural tissue outside of the CNS
delivers sensory information to the CNS and carries motor commands from the CNS
anatomical division of the nervous system that is largely outside the cranial and vertebral cavities, namely all parts except the brain and spinal cord

Question 5

afferent division

Answer 5

carries information from PNS to CNS
input from a sensory neuron

Question 6

efferent division

Answer 6

carries motor commands from CNS to PNS
the output, with the target being an effector, such as muscle or glandular tissue

Question 7

somatic nervous system

Answer 7

controls voluntary and involuntary skeletal muscle contractions
functional division of the nervous system that is concerned with conscious perception, voluntary movement, and skeletal muscle reflexes

Question 8

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Answer 8

controls subconscious actions, contractions of smooth/cardiac muscle, and glandular secretions
functional division of the nervous system that is responsible for homeostatic reflexes that coordinate control of cardiac and smooth muscle, as well as glandular tissue

Question 9

neurons

Answer 9

send and receive signals
excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses
neural tissue cell that is primarily responsible for generating and propagating electrical signals into, within, and out of the nervous system

Question 10

dendrites

Answer 10

one of many branchlike processes that extends from the neuron cell body and functions as a contact for incoming signals (synapses) from other neurons or sensory cells
responsible for receiving most of the input from other neurons

Question 11

multipolar neurons

Answer 11

common in CNS; all skeletal muscle motor neurons (PNS); very long axon; multiple dendrites

Question 12

bipolar neurons

Answer 12

in special sensory organs (sight, smell, hearing); small; one dendrite and one axon

Question 13

unipolar neurons

Answer 13

sensory neurons (PNS), very long axons, fused dendrites and axon, and soma to the side

Question 14

interneurons

Answer 14

mostly in CNS; between sensory and motor neurons
responsible for distribution of sensory info, coordination of motor activity, and higher functions (memory, planning, etc)

Question 15

sensory neurons

Answer 15

monitor internal environment (visceral) and external environment (somatic); carry info from sensory receptors to CNS
unipolar, cell bodies in ganglia

Question 16

motor neurons

Answer 16

carry instructions from CNS to peripheral effectors