Chapter 12 - The Technological World Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a constraint?

A

The effect an external force has on a certain material

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2
Q

What are the five types of constraints?

A

Compression, tension, torsion, shearing, deflection.

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3
Q

What is compression? (description, symbol, example)

A
  1. Description: crushing
  2. Symbol: —–> <—–
  3. Example: Hands squeezing a wet sponge
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4
Q

What is deflection? (description, symbol, example)

A
  1. Description: Bending
  2. Symbol: |î|
  3. Example: A fish bending a finishing rod
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5
Q

What is tension? (description, symbol, example)

A
  1. Description: Stretching
  2. Symbol: <—- —->
  3. Example: rope in a tug of war
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6
Q

What is torsion? (description, symbol, example)

A
  1. Description: Twisting
  2. Symbol: rotating
  3. Example: wringing out a towel
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7
Q

What is shearing? (description, symbol, example)

A
  1. Description: Cutting
  2. Symbol: —-> | ⇽—-
  3. Example: Scissors cutting paper
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8
Q

What are the three types of deformations?

A
  1. Elastic
  2. Plastic.
  3. Fracture
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9
Q

What is an elastic type of deformation?

A

Temporary change in shape or dimensions of the material. Material will automatically return to its original form.

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10
Q

What is a plastic type of deformation?

A

Permanent change in the shape or dimensions, material remains deformed.

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11
Q

What is a fracture type of deformation?

A

Material Breaks.

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12
Q

What are the six Mechanical Properties of Materials?

A
  1. Hardness
  2. Elasticity
  3. Resilience
  4. Ductility
  5. Malleability
  6. Stiffness
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13
Q

What is the mechanical property of hardness?

A

Ability to resist indentation/scratches

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14
Q

What is Elasticity?

A

Ability to return to their original shape after undergoing a constraint.

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15
Q

What is resilience?

A

Ability to resist shocks without breaking

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16
Q

What is ductility?

A

Ability to be stretched without breaking

17
Q

What is malleability?

A

Ability to be flattened or bent without breaking

18
Q

What is stiffness?

A

Ability to retain their shapes when subjected to various constraints.

19
Q

What are the three other properties of mechanical materials?

A
  1. Resistance to corrosion
  2. Electrical conductivity
  3. Thermal conductivity
20
Q

What is resistance to corrosion?

A

Ability to resist the formation of rust or
degradation by acids, salt, water, etc.

21
Q

What is electrical conductivity?

A

Ability to carry and electrical current

22
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

Ability to transmit heat

23
Q

What is degradation?

A

Decline in a material’s properties due to the effects of the surrounding environment.

24
Q

What is protection of a material?

A

Application of a substance to a material to prevent or delay its degradation.

25
Q

What are the 2 categories of wood, where do they come from?

A
  1. Hardwood → Deciduous trees
  2. Softwood → Conifers
26
Q

What is modeified wood?

A

Wood mixed with other substances (glue, plastics, preservatives)

27
Q

What are three problems with wood?

A
  1. Rotting
  2. Infestation
  3. Mold
28
Q

What are two solutions to the problems caused when using wood?

A
  1. Coating
  2. Treated wood
29
Q

What are problems with ceramics?

A
  1. Acids and bases can degrade ceramics
  2. A sudden change in temperature can deteriorate the properties of ceramic
30
Q

What are problems with metals and alloys?

A
  1. They rust
31
Q

What is the solutions to the problems of metals and alloys?

A
  1. Coating!!
32
Q

What are plastics made out of?

A

Fossil fules

33
Q

What is a thermoplastic?

A

Become soft when heated and hard when cooled (can be recycled)

34
Q

What is a thermosetting plastic?

A

Remains permanently hard when heated (more resilient)

35
Q

What are the three problems for plastic degradation?

A
  1. Water absorbsion
  2. Oxidation
  3. Uv rays
36
Q

What are the three solutions to the problems regarding plastics?

A
  1. Waterproof coating
  2. Antioxidant material
  3. pigment to absorb UV ray
37
Q

What are the two combination of materials used for composites?

A
  1. Reinforcement (provides strength)
  2. Matrix (surrounds and supports the reinforcement)