Chapter 12: Substance Use Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the categories of symptoms in substance use disorders?

A
  • Impaired control
  • Social impairment
  • Rising use
  • Pharmacological criteria
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2
Q

What is compensatory response?

A

Equal and opposite physical response to counteract the effects of a substance to maintain homeostasis

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3
Q

What is the severity rating of drug use disorders?

A
  • Mild: 2-3 criteria
  • Moderate: 4-5 criteria
  • Severe: 6+ criteria
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4
Q

What is the difference between dependence and abuse?

A
  • Abuse: psychological and behavioral symptoms

* Dependence: tolerance, withdrawal, compulsive use

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5
Q

Why was the DSM-IV distinction between dependence and abuse removed in the DSM-5 and instead calling it “substance use disorder”?

A

Due to confusion surrounding “dependence” - defining addiction as a substance use disorder is more inclusive way to ID people who need help. Also that there is not much real distinction between abuse and dependence

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6
Q

What are substance-induced disorders?

A

When ingestion of a substance results in serious behavioral, psychological, and physiological signs and symptoms

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7
Q

Diagnostic criteria for substance-induced disorders?

A

Specifies that the associated symptoms are reversible and there is physical evidence that it was recently ingested

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8
Q

What is substance intoxication?

A
  • Symptoms vary greatly depending on the substance
  • Symptoms often resemble other disorders - you don’t know if person is intoxicated or actually going through a psychological disorder
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9
Q

Prevalence of alcohol related disorders

A
  • Prevalence rate highest between 21-34 years old
  • Males have higher rates than females
  • High rate of co-morbidity with other disorders - using alcohol as self-medication
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10
Q

What is dual diagnosis?

A

Substance use disorder in addition to another disorder

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11
Q

What is pharmacological dependence?

A

More typical at the more severe end of the spectrum - tolerance, withdrawal

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12
Q

What constitutes abuse of alcohol?

A
  • Failure to complete committed tasks - usually due to intoxication or hangover
  • May also involve legal problems - disorderly conduct, DUI’s, etc
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13
Q

Diagnosis of alcohol abuse

A
  • Recent ingestion of alcohol
  • Clinically significant maladaptive behavior or psychological changes (aggressive behavior, mood lability (swings), impaired functioning)
  • Slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, nystagmus, impairment in attention/memory, stupor, coma
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14
Q

Biological causes of alcohol behavior

A
  • Genetically inherited

* Differences in metabolism of alcohol

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15
Q

Psychosocial causes of alcohol behavior

A
  • Emphasis on oral dependency

* Problems during oral stage of development

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16
Q

Behavioral causes of alcohol behavior

A
  • Positively or negatively reinforced from previous drinking - operant conditioning
  • Multiple regulation theory - classical conditioning
17
Q

What is multiple regulation theory?

A

Classical conditioning - person pairs ingestion of alcohol with “good” feelings, pairs not drinking with neutral or “bad” feelings, used to describe alcohol, cigarette smoking, etc

18
Q

Cognitive causes of alcohol behavior

A

Cognitive expectancies - expect experience to be fun/positive, and by virtue of expectancies it is fun

19
Q

What are delirium tremens?

A

Occurs during alcoholism treatment - person may develop hallucinations/delusions which require monitoring and inpatient care

20
Q

What is the AA-disease model?

A

Alcoholism is a disease so alcohol triggers onset of alcoholism. Thus, the key is complete abstinence from alcohol

21
Q

What is the learned behavior model?

A
  • Says that problem drinking is a learned behavior, so behavior can be modified.
  • Uses “harm reduction” program - does not prescribe abstinence
  • What can we do to help you drink and have it remain a positive experience, not go into a negative experience
  • Assumes people will drink - teaches them to drink at a level that reduces harm
22
Q

What is the only non-substance addiction in the DSM?

A
  • Gambling - has signs of tolerance and withdrawal
  • Life is centered around gambling, it is used as coping
  • Behavior continues after significant loss
23
Q

What is internet use addiction?

A

Under DSM-5 as “conditions that require further research”

24
Q

What are diagnostic criteria for internet use addiction?

A
  • How often you lose sleep, try to cut down time but fail
  • Tolerance and withdrawal, starts off and spends more and more time
  • Take person off internet, get extreme reaction