Chapter 1 - Abnormal Psych History

Question 1

Abnormal behavior definition

Answer 1

Discomfort - least observable - phys/psych discomfort for person
Dysfunctional - behavior doesn’t allow person to live up to social expectations
Deviance - behavior deviates from the norm
Dangerousness - leads to stigma, people assume mentally ill are dangerous but actually they are more likely to be victims

Question 2

Multicultural perspective

Answer 2

All behavior originates from or takes place in cultural context

Question 3

Internal vs external representation of culture

Answer 3

Internal - values, attitudes, worldviews

External - customs, habits, traditions

Question 4

Cultural universality vs cultural relativity

Answer 4

Universality - traditional view in psych, behaviors assumed to be same cross-culturally
Relativity - every behavior is to be evaluated relative to one’s own culture so only things that deviate from that culture are abnormal

Question 5

Adaptation

Answer 5

Balance between what you do and what the environment requires of you

Question 6

Maladaptive vs deviant

Answer 6

Idea: all maladaptive behavior is deviant, but not all deviant behavior is maladaptive. Sometimes deviant can be adaptive - creativity study

Question 7

Prehistoric society

Answer 7

Focus: evil spirits
Trephination: carving holes in skull

Question 8

Greeks/Romans society

Answer 8

Hippocrates, first personality theorist

Question 9

Hippocrates personality types

Answer 9

Choleric (yellow bile) - impatient, cynical, irritable, aggressive
Melancholic (black bile) - depression, anxiety, neuroticism
Sanguine (blood) - happy, carefree
Phlegmatic (mucous) - passive, slow to warm up, controlled, reliable

Question 10

Extremes of Hippocrates personality types

Answer 10

Choleric: some symptoms of mania, antisocial personality, reactive temperament
Melancholic: depression, anxiety, neuroticism
Sanguine: some phases of mania, personality disorders (histrionic)
Phlegmatic: can become rigid, OCD, some personality disorders, eating disorders

Question 11

Middle ages

Answer 11

Historically much stress/upheaval, go back to spiritual roots
Focus: spiritual, Devil causing abnormal behav
Treatment: beatings and exorcisms

Question 12

Renaissance

Answer 12

Johann Weyer, 1st to specialize in mental illness
Asylums = gentle treatments to help patients get better, humane treatments
Resources couldn’t handle all patients, overcrowded and overwhelmed, became insane asylums “Bedlam”

Question 13

19th Century

Answer 13

Philip Pinel, provided more humane conditions, unchained patients
William Tuke, Quaker, York Retreat
Decline of moral treatment at the end of the 1800s, due to lack oc resources

Question 14

Early 20th Century

Answer 14

Somatogenic perspective: abnormal behavior has physical cause (treatments: lobotomies, insulin shock, hydrotherapy, early ECT
Psychogenic perspective: abnormal behavior results in physical problems (hypnosis, Freud, **moved patient care in -> out patient)

Question 15

50’s Drug Revolution

Answer 15

Deinstitutionalization!

Swinging door phenomenon - people leave hospital -> destabilize -> people came back to hospital

Question 16

Modern treatment options

Answer 16

1) Outpatient psychotherapy - varying orientations, financial issues
2) Community mental health centers - helped many but recent eco times cut budgets
3) Emphasis on prevention and promotion of mental health, prevention programs in schools teaching life skills

Question 17

Positive psychology

Answer 17

Research going on that actually is empirical, focus on what is right and promote these things

Question 18

How do differences in ethnic background affect treatments?

Answer 18

Minorities seek help less, drop out sooner, and don’t improve as well

Question 19

How to make treatments for minorities more effective?

Answer 19

Sensitivity to cultural issues

Incorporating cultural values into treatments

Question 20

Cultural awareness

Answer 20

Awareness of one’s own culture - must step out of your own culture to get this

Question 21

Cultural sensitivity

Answer 21

Be sensitive to and respect cultural differences

Question 22

Cultural competence

Answer 22

Ability to work competently with people within their cultural values