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Psych 305 > Chapter 11: Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Eating Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is restrictive type anorexia?

A

Restricts eating and/or overexercises

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2
Q

What is binging/purging type anorexia?

A

Sounds like bulimia but isn’t - person is still significantly underweight (

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3
Q

Characteristics of anorexics

A
  • Need for control
  • Perfectionism
  • Depression
  • Lower self esteem
  • Obsessed with food
  • Distorted body image
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4
Q

Background of anorexics

A
  • Enmeshed families
  • High expectations
  • Middle/upper class
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5
Q

Peak ages of onset

A
  • Bimodal distribution of 14 and 18 - high school and college start at these ages
  • Range of 15-19 years
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6
Q

Treatments for anorexia

A
  • Operant techniques

* Family therapy - Maudsley approach

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7
Q

What are some operant techniques for treating anorexia?

A

Positive and negative reinforcements to modify maladaptive behaviors such as disordered eating behaviors, using CBT treatment

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8
Q

What is the irony in anorexia treatment?

A

When some are recovering, it can increase health risks for some due to the weakening of the heart from anorexia that can lead to the heart being less able to support a heavier weight that results from recovery

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9
Q

What are comorbid characteristics of anorexia restricting type?

A
  • Introversion
  • Conformity
  • Perfectionism
  • Rigidity
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10
Q

What are comorbid characteristics of anorexia bingeing/purging type?

A
  • Extroversion
  • Histrionic personality
  • Impulse control/disorder
  • Substance abuse
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11
Q

What is the major distinction between anorexia and bulimia?

A

Weight - bulimics may be normal or overweight

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12
Q

What are compensatory behaviors?

A

Behavior that compensates for food intake

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13
Q

What is exercise bulimia?

A

Person’s compensatory behavior is exercise rather than throwing up or laxatives. For hours a day person is compelled to go to the gym and compensate for eating

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14
Q

Diagnostic criteria for bulimia

A
  • DSM-5: at least 1 episode a week for at least 3 months

* Evidence for impulse control problems - more evidence for problems with substance abuse, gambling, etc.

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15
Q

What are comorbid mental disorders with bulimia?

A
  • Mood disorders
  • GAD
  • Panic disorder
  • Social phobias
  • Substance use disorders
  • Borderline personality disorder
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16
Q

What is the central issue for all eating disorders?

A

CONTROL!

  • Anorexia: being in control
  • Bulimia: being out of control
17
Q

What is Binge Eating Disorder (BED)?

A

Binges in eating without purging

*Key: no compensatory behaviors

18
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for BED?

A
  • Eating more rapidly than normal
  • Eating large amounts of food
  • Secretive about eating
  • May eat large amounts when not hungry
  • Feelings of a lack of control over eating
  • History of episodes at least 1 day per week for at least 3 months
19
Q

Severity rating of BED

A
  • Mild - 1-3 episodes per week
  • Moderate - 4-7 episodes per week
  • Severe - 8-13 episodes per week
  • Extreme - 14 and above episodes per week
20
Q

What is the prevalence rate of BED?

A
  • Females 1.5 times more likely than males
  • Clinical Samples: majority is white females
  • Community Samples: black and white females show equal prevalence rate
21
Q

What are cultural differences in BED?

A

African American women are:

  • Less likely to be treated for eating disorders
  • More likely to be obese
  • Express less concern about eating, body shape, weight
  • Report less distress over their body weight
22
Q

What are the comorbid mental disorders from BED?

A
  • Major depression
  • OCD
  • Avoidant PD
23
Q

What is emotional eating?

A

Eating in response in one’s negative affect/feelings

24
Q

Characteristics of emotional eating

A
  • Typically eating foods high in fat/sugar/calories (comfort foods
  • Recent study: subjects induced into anger, anxiety, neutral mood states, subjects induced into anxiety showed significantly higher preferences for higher calorie foods
25
Q

BMI Definitions of overweight

A

> 25 overweight
30 obesity
40 morbid obesity

26
Q

What is the irony of overweight vs ideal body size?

A

Body weight ideals have decreased over time, but actual body weights have increased

27
Q

What are sociocultural factors in eating disorders?

A
  • Social roles and cultural ideals - major discrepancies between ideal and actual
  • Cited reasons for body image concerns and dieting in adolescent girls - mass media, peer influences, and criticism from family members
28
Q

What are the biological causes of eating disorders?

A
  • Genetics: tend to run in families and families with co-morbid disorders like OCD and anxiety
  • Recent studies in genes show that mutations in ESRRA and HDAC4 increases likelihood of eating disorder
  • Higher levels of perseverance and lower levels of persistence are correlated with disordered eating attitudes
29
Q

What are psychological causes of eating disorders?

A
  • Depression
  • Impulse control
  • Parenting received: emphasis on weight, appearance, over-involvement, lack of expression of negative affect
  • Self-esteem issues
30
Q

What are social causes of eating disorders?

A

*Peer and family influences
*Sociocultural values
*Media influences - media doesn’t cause it though
(Remember the Anne Becker study)

Psych 305 (11 decks)

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