Chapter 12 -- Running Water

Question 0

The Hydrologic Cycle

1st Event
Insolation turns liquid water into vapor and transports it into the atmosphere.

Answer 0

Evaporation

Question 1

What is running waters main role on Earth?

Answer 1

Modifying the earth’s land surface.

Question 2

The Hydrologic Cycle

2nd Event
Rain, snow, hail. Condensed water that returns to the surface.

Answer 2

Precipitation/Condensation

Question 3

The Hydrologic Cycle

3rd Event
Precipitation collects and moves on the earth’s surface

Answer 3

Runoff

Question 4

The Hydrologic Cycle

4th Event
Water percolates into the ground and moves through pore spaces in the sediment and rock.

Answer 4

Infiltration

Question 5

The Hydrologic Cycle

5th Event
Water vapor escapes through plants

Answer 5

Transpiration

Question 6

The Hydrologic Cycle

6th Event
Water is “locked away” into ice sheets
This takes water out of the cycle.

Answer 6

Glaciation

Question 7

The water moves as a continuous film of water flowing over the surface.

_____ Flow

Answer 7

Sheet Flow

Question 8

Water id confined to long trough like depressions

_______ Flow

Answer 8

Channel Flow

Question 9

_________ is the average slope of the channel bed and varies from steep to gentle along its course, being steepest near the head and gentlest toward its mouth.

Answer 9

Gradient

Question 10

_________ a measure of distance water travels in a given amount of time. This varies downstream as well as along a cross section of a stream in response to changes in channel roughness, width, and depth, slope and discharge

Answer 10

Velocity

Question 11

________ is the volume of water that passes a given point in a given amount of time. Generally increases downstream due to tributary inputs of water.

Answer 11

Discharge

Question 12

What are these three types of load associated with running water?

1. Chemically weathered materials
2. Smaller particles
3. Larger particles…Saltation rolling and sliding.

Answer 12

1. Dissolved Load
2. Suspended Load
3. Bed Load

Question 13

Sand and gravel are deposited as bars that divide the main channel into many channels. This develops when sediment supply exceeds the transport capacity.

Answer 13

Braided Streams

Question 14

A single channel with broadly looping curves with two distinct regions: Cutbank and Point Bar.

Answer 14

Meandering Streams

Question 15

Water that periodically overflows in the channel and spreads sediment over flat lying areas making it a very fertile region is what?

Answer 15

Floodplain Deposits

Question 16

As the channel reaches the ocean it will form a _______.

As deposition continues, progradation occurs as sediment is continually supplied by the channel.

Answer 16

Delta

Question 17

Deposits of gravel and sand deposited on land. Forms most commonly in arid and semiarid regions having high rates of erosion. There is little vegetation to stabilize material.

Answer 17

Alluvial Fans

Question 18

Controlling floods is done mostly through ______ and ____.

Answer 18

Levees and Dams

Question 19

Other ways floods can be controlled.

_____ are special channels built to divert flood waters.

_____ have gates that can be closed to protect communities from flooding.

Answer 19

Floodways

Floodwalls

Question 20

______ _______ receive runoff from streams and contributing tributaries.

Answer 20

Drainage Basins

Question 21

_____ _____ is the lowest part to which any stream can erode. These may be control erosion and deposition.

Answer 21

Base Level

Question 22

__________ occurs when a stream has excess energy to deepen its course.

Answer 22

Downcutting

Question 23

_________ _______ occurs at the upstream end of the valley and results in stream piracy.

Answer 23

Headward Erosion