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Chemistry I > Chapter 1.2 Pure Substances > Flashcards

Chapter 1.2 Pure Substances Flashcards

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1
Q

PURE SUBSTANCE

A

Matter that has distinct properties and a composition that does not vary from sample to sample

Eg water, table salt

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2
Q

2 types of PURE SUBSTANCES

A
  1. ELEMENT

2. COMPOUND

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3
Q

ELEMENT

A
  1. Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
  2. They are the different kinds of atoms that exist.
  3. If it is on the periodic table then it is an element
  4. It is composed of ONLY ONE KIND of atom
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4
Q

COMPOUNDS

A
  1. are substances composed of 2 OR MORE KINDS OF ATOMS
  2. They contain 2 OR MORE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELEMENTS
  3. eg. water is a compound and a molecule
    but O2 is a molecule not a compound
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5
Q

MIXTURES

A
  1. It is a substance/ material that contains BOTH ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS.
  2. Both element and compound within a mixture RETAINS ITS CHEMICAL IDENTITY
  3. Can be separated into their component parts by physical means
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6
Q

How many known elements

A

118

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7
Q

What does the compound water consists of (%)

A

.11% hydrogen and 89% oxygen

. 2 hydrogen (molecule) combines with 1 oxygen ( atom)

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8
Q

DIATOMIC

A

refers to 2 ATOM MOLECULES

eg. oxygen and hydrogen ( O2, H2)

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9
Q

The properties of water bear no semblance to its individual molecular component

A

WATER
State: Liquid
Normal boiling point : 100 degrees C
Density: 1000g/L or g/1000ml

HYDROGEN
State: Gas
Normal boiling point : -253 “”
Density : .084 g/L

OXYGEN
State : gas
Normal boiling point : -183 “”
Density: 1.33g/L

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10
Q

What occurs to water when an electrical current is passed through it

A

The water decomposes into component elements, hydrogen, oxygen

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11
Q

THE LAW OF CONSTANT COMPOSITION

A

aka ( THE LAW OF DEFINITE PORPORTIONS)
. the observation that the elemental composition of a COMPOUND IS ALWAYS THE SAME: FIXED COMPOSITION

. states that a CHEMICAL COMPOUND ALWAYS CONTAINS EXACTLY THE SAME PROPORTION OF ELEMENTS BY MASS (FIXED COMPOSITION). An equivalent statement is the law of constant composition, which states that all samples of a given chemical compound have the same elemental composition. For example, oxygen makes up 8/9 of the mass of any sample of pure water, while hydrogen makes up the remaining 1/9 of the mass.

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12
Q

the substances making up a mixture are called

A

The COMPONENTS of the mixture

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13
Q

2 types of mixtures based on its uniformity

A
  1. heterogeneous mixture

2. homogeneous mixture

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14
Q

HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE/ SOLUTIONS

A
  1. Mixtures that are uniformed throughout.
  2. A SOLUTION is also a HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE: each sample of salt dissolved in water has the same amount of salt molecules and water molecules. A solution is uniformed throughout.
  3. A SOLUTION can be solids, liquids or gasses
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15
Q

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES

A

A mixture that does not have the same composition,properties, and appearance throughout.

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16
Q

ELEMENT

A
  1. Substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
  2. They are the different kinds of atoms that exist.
  3. If it is on the periodic table then it is an element
  4. It is composed of ONLY ONE KIND of atom
17
Q

COMPOUNDS

A
  1. are substances composed of 2 OR MORE KINDS OF ATOMS
  2. They contain 2 OR MORE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELEMENTS join chemically to form a compound
  3. eg. water is a compound and a molecule
    but O2 is a molecule not a compound
18
Q

MIXTURES

A
  1. It is a substance/ material that contains BOTH ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS.
  2. Both element and compound within a mixture RETAINS ITS CHEMICAL IDENTITY
19
Q

How many known elements

A

118

20
Q

What does the compound water consists of (%)

A

.11% hydrogen and 89% oxygen

. 2 hydrogen (molecule) combines with 1 oxygen ( atom)

21
Q

DIATOMIC

A

refers to elements that exist as TWO-ATOM MOLECULES

eg. oxygen and hydrogen ( O2, H2)

22
Q

The properties of water bear no semblance to its individual molecular component

A

WATER
State: Liquid
Normal boiling point : 100 degrees C
Density: 1000g/L or g/1000ml

HYDROGEN
State: Gas
Normal boiling point : -253 “”
Density : .084 g/L

OXYGEN
State : gas
Normal boiling point : -183 “”
Density: 1.33g/L

23
Q

What occurs to water when an electrical current is passed through it

A

The water decomposes into component elements, hydrogen, oxygen

24
Q

THE LAW OF CONSTANT COMPOSITION

A

aka ( THE LAW OF DEFINITE PORPORTIONS)
. the observation that the elemental composition of a COMPOUND IS ALWAYS THE SAME: FIXED COMPOSITION

. states that a CHEMICAL COMPOUND ALWAYS CONTAINS EXACTLY THE SAME PROPORTION OF ELEMENTS BY MASS (FIXED COMPOSITION). An equivalent statement is the law of constant composition, which states that all samples of a given chemical compound have the same elemental composition. For example, oxygen makes up 8/9 of the mass of any sample of pure water, while hydrogen makes up the remaining 1/9 of the mass.

It will never vary from sample to sample

25
Q

the substances making up a mixture are called

A

The COMPONENTS of the mixture

26
Q

2 types of mixtures based on its uniformity

A
  1. heterogeneous mixture

2. homogeneous mixture

27
Q

HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE/ SOLUTIONS

A
  1. Mixtures that are uniformed throughout.
  2. A SOLUTION is also a HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE: each sample of salt dissolved in water has the same amount of salt molecules and water molecules. A solution is uniformed throughout.
  3. A SOLUTION can be solids, liquids or gasses
28
Q

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES

A

A mixture that does not have the same composition,properties, and appearance, texture throughout.

29
Q

MOLECULE

A

matter consisting of 2 or more of the same same atom ( vs Compound that have 2 or more of different kinds of atoms)

30
Q

MIXTURES

A

. Consists of elements and compounds

.Each component in a mixture retains its chemical identity and properties.

31
Q

SOLUTION

A

A homogeneous mixture ( can be solids, liquids or gas)

Chemistry I (33 decks)

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