Chapter 12 pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Extremely liberal chief justice under the presidency of Lyndon Johnson

A

Earl Warren

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Period of the Supreme Court under Earl Warren that worked to enforce voting rights for Black people and forced states to redraw congressional districts so minorities would receive greater representation

A

Warren Court

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Court case that ruled a defendant in a felony trial must be provided a lawyer for free if he/she cannot afford one

A

Gideon v. Wainwright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Court case that ruled upon arrest, a suspect must be advised on his/her right to remain silent and to consult with a lawyer.

A

Miranda v. Arizona

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ratified on January 23, 1964, this amendment banned the use of poll tax in all elections

A

24th Amendment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bombed black churches and homes of civil rights activists with seeming impunity

A

Ku Klux Klan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Minister of the Nation of Islam that urged black people to claim their rights “by any means necessary” and ignored nonviolent protest strategies. His autobiography is an essential document of the history of racism in America

A

Malcolm X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A black nationalist organization that offered numerous programs and events designed to uplift blacks that are however overshadowed by the organization’s record of antisemitism, homophobia, and connections to prominent white supremacists.

A

Nation of Islam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Separatist radical program/movement that were led by the Black Panthers and fragmented after the assassination of King. Some continued to advocate integration and peaceful change while others argued for empowerment through self-imposed segregation and aggression

A

Black Power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

National student activist organization that laid out the platform for the Port Huron Statement and eventually formed to become the New Left

A

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Set the tone for other progressive groups on college campuses, also eventually formed to the New Left

A

Port Huron Statement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Broad political movement consisting of advocates who supported the elimination of poverty, racism, and an end to Cold War politics.

A

New Left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where was an active branch of the New Left formed at?

A

University of California at Berkeley (1964)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

New Left protests at the University of California at Berkeley formed this movement in which fostered a number of leftists and radical political groups on the Berkeley campus

A

Free Speech Movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A cultural rebellion/movement consisting of Beat writers (Beatniks) such as Allen Ginsburg, William Burroughs, and Jack Kerouac that challenged the straight-laced conservatism of the Eisenhower era by publishing works championing bohemian lifestyles, drug use, and nontraditional styles of art.

A

Beat Movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Book that openly challenged many people’s assumptions about women’s place in society.

A

The Feminine Mystique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Founder of the National Organization for Women
(NOW) who wrote the Feminine Mystique, identified “the problem that has no name” and is credited with restarting the women’s movement, which had faded after women suffrage was achieved with the 19th Amendment.

A

Betty Friedan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Organization formed in 1966 to fight for legislative changes, including the ill-fated Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the Constitution

A

National Organization for Women (NOW)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex.

A

Equal Rights Amendment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

An event at which gays fought back against the police in New York City

A

Stonewall riots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Court case that enabled women to obtain abortions in all 50 states within the first trimester.

A

Roe v. Wade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Court case that a state’s ban on the use of contraceptives violated the right to marital privacy

A

Griswold v. Connecticut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A way of life that was a total contrast to the staid mainstream culture (Ex: Hippies that grew their hair long, wore tie-dyed shirts, and ripped jeans)

A

Counterculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

An American marine biologist who wrote the seminal work of nonfiction, Silent Spring.

A

Rachel Carson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
A worldwide bestseller that led to the ban of widespread use of the chemical pesticide DDT
Silent Spring
26
An act responding to the industrial pollution controlling the use of airborne contaminants
Clean Air Act of 1955
27
A nationalist Vietnamese resistance that was led by Ho Chi Minh to achieve the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Vietminh
28
Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader that led the Vietminh. Also wrote the Vietnamese Declaration of Independence
Ho Chi Minh
29
The right of a people to assert its own national identity or form of government without outside influence.
Self-Determination
30
A Vietnamese emperor whom the French had installed in the South. The United States ended alliance with him as they felt he was too weak to control the country.
Bao Dai
31
Battle at which the French was defeated when Vietnam fought a war for independence against the French from 1946-1954
Battle of Dien Bien Phu
32
Divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel, with Communist forces controlling North Vietnam and Democratic forces controlling South Vietnam
Geneva Accords
33
South Vietnamese leader that made an alliance with the US and helped drive out Bao Dai. He pronounced South Vietnam an autonomous country and turned out to be a vicious leader that took despotic control of South Vietnam, imprisoning political enemies, persecuting Buddhist monks, and closing newspapers that criticized his government.
Ngo Dinh Diem
34
The United States rallied Britain, France, Thailand, Pakistan, Philippines, New Zealand, and Australia to form this NATO-like organization to provide for South Vietnam's defense against Communist takeover
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)
35
South Vietnamese citizens that joined the North Vietnamese side
Vietcong
36
A gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin (Northern Vietnam) and South China where two American destroyer ships were fired on
Gulf of Tonkin
37
Allowed the president to take any measures he deemed necessary to protect American interests in the region. Also gave Johnson freedom to escalate U.S. participation in the war
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
38
Massive Air Force bombing raids into North Vietnam
Operation Rolling Thunder (yay)
39
Chemical agents that destroyed the Vietnamese jungles and contaminated the land
Agent Orange and Napalm
40
Happened throughout Johnson's administration the United States essentially took over the war effort from South Vietnamese
Americanization of the Vietnam War
41
Named after the Vietnamese holiday celebrating the New Year, it was a highly calculated series of attacks carried around the country, showing how the US had underestimated the sophistication of Vietnamese strategy. The North Vietnamese inflicted tremendous damage on American forces and nearly captured the American embassy in the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon (Major turning point for the Americans in the Vietnam War)
Tet Offensive
42
Occurred the same year as the Tet Offensive, took place in a small village in South Vietnam where U.S. soldiers abused, tortured, and murdered an estimated 347 to 504 innocent civilians including women, children, and elderly too infirm to fight.
My Lai Massacre
43
Two people that were poised to challenge Lyndon Johnson during renomination
Eugene McCarthy and Robert Kennedy
44
Lyndon Johnson's vice president
Hubert Humphrey
45
The murder of this civil rights leader ignited a massive wave of civil unrest, including arson and looting of largely white-owned businesses,
Martin Luther King Jr.
46
Republican who went against Democratic Hebert Humphrey and George Wallace in the 1968 election and won
Richard Nixon
47
Alabama governor who ran a segregationist third-party campaign and was popular in the South.
George Wallace
48
A notable leader in the Conservative reaction to the changes of the 1960s. Most well known for lobbying against the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Phyllis Schlafly
49
Richard Nixon's promise to end American involvement in the Vietnam War by turning the war over to the South Vietnamese and withdrawing American troops yet increasing intensity of air strikes
Vietnamization
50
Secretary of State under Nixon that completed negotiations for peace treaty with the North Vietnamese ending the American involvement in Vietnam in 1973
Henry Kissinger
51
Passed by Congress in order to prevent future presidents from involving the military in another undeclared war. Requires the president to obtain congressional approval for any troop commitment lasting longer than 60 days
War Powers Resolution
52
A policy of openness that called for countries to respect each other's differences and cooperate more closely. Ushered in a brief period of relaxed tensions between the USSR and China but however ended when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979
Détente
53
Announced that the United States would withdraw from many of its overseas troop commitments, relying instead on alliances with local governments to check the spread of communism
Nixon Doctrine
54
A period of combined recession-inflation
Stagflation
55
Nixon's attempt to combat the nation's economic woes
Price-and-wage freeze and increased federal spending
56
National guardsmen shot and killed four protesters at this University in Ohio who were protesting about the United States' decision to invade Vietcong camps in neutral Cambodia
Kent State University
57
A similar incident as the Kent State University massacre occurred here
Black Jackson State University in Mississippi
58
Liberal Senator that ran against Richard Nixon in the presidential election of 1972
George McGovern
59
A top-secret government study of the history of U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Covered the period from World War II to 1968 and documented numerous military miscalculations and flat-out lies the government told the public
Pentagon Papers
60
A team of investigators led by Nixon to prevent further leaks of classified documents from the Pentagon Papers. Undertook disgraceful projects and sabotaged the campaigns of several Democratic hopefuls
Plumbers
61
The government official who had turned the Pentagon Papers over to the press
Daniel Ellsberg
62
Plumbers botched a burglary of Democratic headquarters here
Watergate Hotel
63
Investigative journalists that exposed more evidence against Nixon in the pages of The Washington Post
Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
64
Richard Nixon's vice president that took over after his resignation in August 1974 and immediately granted Nixon a presidential pardon, preventing a trial
Gerald Ford
65
Nixon's first vice president who had resigned in the face of impending criminal charges relating to corruption during his tenure as governor of Maryland
Spiro Agnew
66
Gerald Ford's vice president that became the first vice president who hadn't been elected by the public
Nelson Rockefeller
67
A major political scandal in the United States involving the administration of President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1974 that led to Nixon's resignation.
Watergate era/scandal
68
1974 attempt to spur a grassroots movement to combat inflation in the US, by encouraging personal savings and disciplined spending habits in combination with public measures, urged by U.S. President Gerald Ford.
Whip Inflation Now (WIN)
69
An oil embargo organized by Arab nations increased fuel prices leading to inflation
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
70
Actor who damaged Ford's credibility with parodies on Saturday Night Live
Chevy Chase
71
Democrat who won against Gerald Ford in the 1976 presidential election and inherited a weakening economy where inflation exceeded 10% and interest rates on loans approached 20%
Jimmy Carter
72
Cabinet-level government agency created to increase funding for research into alternative sources of power
Department of Energy
73
Pennsylvania plant at ________ failed, releasing radioactive materials into the atmosphere
Three Mile Island
74
High point of the Carter Administration that lead to peace between Israel and Egypt
Peace Agreement between Israel and Egypt (Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty)
75
Where the two leaders of Egypt and Israel came to a peace negotiation
Camp David
76
Israel took control of the Sinai Peninsula, a desert region belonging to Egypt
Six Day War
77
Socialist political party in Nicaragua that allied themselves with the USSR and Cuba
Sandinista