Chapter 11 pt. 2 Flashcards
Grew to more than 5 million, and attacked Blacks, Jews, urbanites, and anyone whose behavior deviated from the Klan’s narrowly defined code of acceptable Christian behavior.
Ku Klux Klan
Two Italian immigrant anarchist that were arrested on charges of murder.
Sacco and Vanzetti
Set immigration quotas based on national origins and discriminated against the “new immigrants” from Southern and Eastern Europe.
Emergency Quota Act
The Emergency Quota Act were also known as these:
Emergency Immigration Act of 1921
Immigration Restriction Act of 1921
Immigration Act of 1924
A famous trial for John Thomas Scopes when he broke the law forbidding teachers to teach the theory of evolution.
Scopes Monkey Trial
A teacher that broke the law forbidding teachers to teach the theory of evolution.
John Thomas Scopes
Two prominent attorneys who ran for president in 1896, 1900, and 1908 that argued in the Scopes Monkey Trial for their defendant, John Thomas Scopes.
Clarence Darrow
William Jennings Bryan
Banned the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages.
Prohibition
Movement that had its roots in the reform campaigns of the 1930’s and remained mainstay of women’s political agendas until it was outlawed in 1917
The Prohibition Movement
Amendment that outlawed the American liquor industry (made alcohol illegal)
18th Amendment
Era of open welfare between competing gangs and between criminals and law enforcement. Inspired many movies and television series.
Gangster Era
Repealed prohibition in 1933 (made alcohol legal)
21st Amendment
Republican President during the Great Depression (loser)
Hebert Hoover
Destabilizing practice that was made illegal after the stock crash of 1929, the practice of buying an asset where the buyer pays only a percentage of the asset’s value and borrows the rest from the bank or a broker.
Margin Buying
Causes of the Great Depression
- Stock Market Crash of 1929
- World War I Debt
- Production of new goods increasing while public ability to buy decreasing (supply increase demand decrease)
From 1929-1939, an economic depression after a major stock market crash and the increase of supply but the decrease of demand that led to the unemployment and bankruptcy of many.
The Great Depression
What did the Great Depression cause?
People lost:
- Jobs (employers bankrupt)
- Life savings (banks failed)
- Homes (mortgage too expensive)
Shantytowns, or buildings made from poor materials, such as mud and wood
Hoovervilles
By how much did produce drop by during the Great Depression?
About 50%
A prolonged drought that afflicted the Great Plains area of the Midwest that turned the region into:
Dust Bowl
Organized demonstrations and threatened a nationwide walkout by farmers in order to raise prices on crops.
Farmers’ Holiday Association
Hebert Hoover opposed federal relief because he believed they violated the American idea of:
Rugged Individualism
Federal works projects Hebert Hoover advocated for
- Hoover Dam
- Grand Coulee Dam
The highest protective tariff in U.S. history, enacted during the worst economic depressions to place tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods to protect revenue and regulate commerce with foreign countries.
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Provided government money to bail out large companies and banks (only big companies and banks could pay money back later on)
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
Tens of thousands of impoverished veterans and families who came to Washington to lobby for the bonus payment (bill). Refused to leave when payment was denied and was attacked with excessive force.
Bonus Expeditionary Force (BEF)
Army general who commanded his army to attack the Bonus Expeditionary Force (BEF) with tear gas and burn makeshift homes.
Douglas MacArthur
Democratic New York Governor that promised relief payments to the unemployed during the Great Depression (also ran 4 terms)
Franklin D. Roosevelt
A series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms, and regulations enacted by Franklin D. Roosevelt to help people in times of crisis, fixing the economy, and preventing another economic crisis (Relief, recovery, reform).
New Deal (1933-1939)
The period that lasted for a hundred days as the government implemented major programs associated with the First New Deal
First Hundred Days
Put poorly managed banks under the control of the Treasury Department and granted government licenses (seals of approval)
The Emergency Banking Relief Bill
A series of radio addresses that reassured the public that the banks were once again secure given by Franklin D. Roosevelt
Fireside Chats
Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to guarantee bank deposits
Banking Act of 1933
Guaranteed bank deposits, which were useful as people used to lose all the money in their accounts if a bank went bankrupt.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
Federal government agencies created as part of the New Deal by Franklin D. Roosevelt
Alphabet Agencies
Provided payments to farmers in return for their agreement to cut production by up to a half. Money to cover this program came from increased taxes on meat, packers, millers, and other food processors.
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Provided loans to farmers in danger of foreclosure
Farm Credit Act
Consolidated businesses and coordinated their activities with the aim of eliminating overproduction and stabilizing prices. A
The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
Established by the National Industrial Recovery Act, set aside $3 Billion to create jobs building roads, sewers, public housing units, and other civic necessities.
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Provided grants to the states to manage their own PWA-like projects.
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Taught better farming methods, replanting trees, and building dams. Expanded operations greatly and led to the economic recovery of the region.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Medicated labor disputes
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
Regulated the stock market
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)