Chapter 11 pt. 1 Flashcards
Urban, middle class reformers who wanted to increase the role of government in reform while maintaining a capitalist economy (wanted to end political corruption)
Progressives
Many groups that rallied citizens around a cause of profession
The National Woman Suffrage Association, American Bar Association, National Municipal League..
A group of journalists who wrote exposes of corporate greed and misconduct
Muckrakers (by Theodore Roosevelt)
Expose that revealed corruption in urban management
The Shame of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens
Expose that revealed corruption in oil companies
History of Standard Oil - Ida Tarbell
Expose that revealed corruption in the meatpacking industry
The Jungle - Upton Sinclair
Headed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
W.E.B. Du Bois
Faced wide opposition for promoting the use of contraceptives
Margaret Sanger
This amendment guaranteed women’s right to vote
19th Amendment
Wisconsin governor that led the way for many Progressive state leaders. Under his leadership, Wisconsin implemented plans for the direct primary elections, progressive taxation, and rail regulation.
Robert La Follette
System where voters could propose new laws
Ballot Initiative
Allowed public to vote on new laws
Referendum
Gave voters the power to remove officials from office before their terms expired
Recall Election
Won a number of victories on the state level
Working-Class Progressives
Most prominent Progressive Leader and liberal, worked hard to rid of political corruption (also has nickname the Trust-buster)
Theodore Roosevelt
Won election of 1908, helped drive the 16th amendment and 17th amendment. (only former president to be in the supreme court) also conservative
William Howard Taft
The attempt to secure favorable relationships with Latin American and East Asian countries by providing monetary loans.
Dollar Diplomacy
Turning points in American history, marks the ever-increasing involvement of the federal government in daily life. Prohibition also took effect during this era.
The Progressive Era
Third progressive president, a democrat that had to distinguish himself from Teddy/Theodore Roosevelt.
Woodrow Wilson
Roosevelt’s policies are referred to as this
New Nationalism
Woodrow Wilson referred to his ideas and policies as this
New Freedom
Wilson created the ________ which lobbied for and enforced the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
Federal Trade Commission
Federal Trade Commission enforced this Act
Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914
Wilson created this system which gave the government greater control over the nation’s finances
Federal Reserve System
One of the most severe pandemics in history, US stepped back from its moral crusade.
Spanish Flu (1918)
Progressivism lasted till the end of this War. This war tore apart the Progressive coalition and pacifist Progressives opposed this war while others supported it.
World War I
Heightened by the Russian Revolution, further split the Progressive movement by dividing the leftist from the moderates.
Red Scare
The Roosevelt Administration committed Cuba to American control under this amendment. Under these stipulations, Cuba could not make a treaty with another nation without U.S approval, and the US had the right to intervene in Cuba’s affairs if domestic order dissolved.
The Platt Amendment (1903)
Congress approved a plan for a canal through this country:
Panama
A claim that stated Latin American domestic instability constituted a threat to American Security
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine / Big Stick Policy
Called for America to treat all belligerents (opposing nations) fairly and without favoritism
Neutrality
England’s strategic location and superior navy allowed it to impose an effective ______ on shipments headed for Germany
Blockade
Germany attempted to counter England’s blockades with:
Submarines / U-Boats
The passenger ship that was sunk by German submarines in 1915, killing 1,198 passengers (128 Americans)
Lusitania
Another passenger ship Germany sank in 1916
The Arabic
German Foreign Minister that had his telegram intercepted from the British in early 1917
Minister Zimmermann
Outlined a German plan to keep the United States out of the European War / Germany provide Mexico and Japan help if they went to war against US.
Zimmermann Telegram
Created to coordinate all facets of industrial and agricultural production, sought to guarantee that not only the United States but also the rest of the Allies would be well supplied
The War Industry Board (WIB)
Passed in 1917, prohibited anyone from using the US mail system to interfere with the war effort
Espionage Act (1917)
Military drafts that required men ages 21-30 to register for military service
Selective Service Act of 1917
Made it illegal to try to prevent the sale of war bonds or speak disparagingly of the government, flag, military, or constitution
Sedition Act (1918)
Argued that the military draft was a blatant violation of the Thirteenth Amendment, ruled that one’s freedom of speech and other civil liberties were not absolute and could in fact be curtailed if one’s actions posed a clear and present danger
Schenck v. United States
Court justice that ruled one’s freedom of speech and other civil liberties were not absolute and could in fact be curtailed if one’s actions posed a clear and present danger (schenck v. united states)
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes
A period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire. Placed Russia under Bolshevik control, Americans feared communist takeover.
Russian Revolution (1917)
A radical labor union that were branded enemies of the state and their leaders were imprisoned
International Workers of the World
Created to prevent radicals from taking over
Federal Bureau of Investigation
Headed the Federal Bureau of Investigation
J. Edgar Hoover
Series of bombs exploded in several American cities, including the home of this attorney general. Also organized raids in early 1920.
A. Mitchell Palmer
Series of raids in 1920 due to the ongoing fears of radicalism and spread of communism. 10,000 were arrested and 500 immigrants were deported.
Palmer Raids
The wartime propaganda arm of World War I. Sensational messages that created the image of Germans as cold-blooded, baby killing, power hungry Huns.
Committee on Public Information (CPI)
Southern Black people undertook a _________ to big cities, such as New York, Chicago, St. Louis, and Detroit.
Great Migration
Where did Southern Black people undertake a Great Migration to? (4 cities)
New York
Chicago
St. Louis
Detroit
Woodrow Wilson’s plan for world peace that delivered to Congress in January 1918. Called for free trade through lower tariffs, freedom of the seas, reduction of arms supplies on both sides, and promotion of self determination.
Fourteen Points
A mechanism for international cooperation, Woodrow Wilson’s fourteen points called for the creation of this
League of Nations
Germany was forced to cede German and colonial territories to the Allies to disarm, pay huge reparations, and to admit total fault the war.
Treaty of Versailles
President has the power to negotiate treaties with foreign nations but treaties are subject to Senate ratification
Separation of Powers / Checks and Balances
Sided with Woodrow Wilson and were willing to accept America’s entrance into the League of Nations
Democrats
A group of Republicans opposed to the League
Irreconcilables
A group of Republicans led by Henry Cabot Lodge
Reservationists
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Woodrow Wilson’s political nemesis and intellectual rival.
Henry Cabot Lodge
14 reservations added by Henry Cabot Lodge to reinforce U.S. policy and protect congressional war powers. Woodrow Wilson refused to sign this.
Lodge Reservations
The government became this as they continued to work closely with business leaders as a part of war effort.
Pro-Business
Liberal president with conservative economic plans that supported anti-lynching laws and tried to help farmers by providing farm loans. Had the misfortune of surrounding himself with corrupt advisors, several of his cabinet members wound up in prison.
Warren Harding
Oil companies bribed the secretary of the interior in order to drill on public lands. (Warren Harding)
Teapot Dome Scandal
Ran for presidency in 1924, turned the election into a debate on the economy by running the slogan “Coolidge prosperity”. Continued Harding’s conservative economic policies and pushed for lower income-tax rates.
Calvin Coolidge
Expensive conveniences before Henry Ford perfected the assembly line and mass production, which lowered the cost and allowed city workers to move further away from city centers. Became a necessity
Automobile
Outlying district near the city, automobiles led to this
Suburbs
10 million families owned these, common to see several families gather at the home of someone who had this and settle
Radios
Effective advertising that grew up during the decade to hype new household appliances/products
The Advertising Industry
What percent of married women entered the work force?
15%
Predominantly female-dominated professions (ex: school teaching, office-assistants) that earned less than men
Pink Collar Jobs
A new image of American women that emerged in the 1920’s that became a symbol of the Roaring Twenties. Opened up a new generation of emancipated women. Wore waist less dresses worn above the knee
The Flapper
Grew tremendously popular during the decade, reflecting back at the Nation its idealized self-image on movie screens.
Movies
Idolized by millions, greatest baseball player of the era.
Babe Ruth
In literature, America gained international prominence through such world-class authors and playwrights
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Eugene O’Neill
The world-class authors and writers that moved to Europe, where they chronicled their alienation from the modern era.
Lost Generation
Largest Black neighborhood of NYC that had theaters, cultural clubs, and newspapers.
Harlem Renaissance
Great figures of the Harlem Renaissance in poetry
Langston Hughes
Countee Cullen
Zora Neale Hurston
Black cultural development of Jazz that featured improvisation and free-spiritedness.
Jazz Age
One of the most popular and most gifted of the era’s jazz musicians
Louis Armstrong
