Chapter 11 pt. 1 Flashcards by R ☆

Urban, middle class reformers who wanted to increase the role of government in reform while maintaining a capitalist economy (wanted to end political corruption)

Progressives

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Many groups that rallied citizens around a cause of profession

The National Woman Suffrage Association, American Bar Association, National Municipal League..

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A group of journalists who wrote exposes of corporate greed and misconduct

Muckrakers (by Theodore Roosevelt)

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Expose that revealed corruption in urban management

The Shame of the Cities by Lincoln Steffens

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Expose that revealed corruption in oil companies

History of Standard Oil - Ida Tarbell

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Expose that revealed corruption in the meatpacking industry

The Jungle - Upton Sinclair

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Headed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

W.E.B. Du Bois

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Faced wide opposition for promoting the use of contraceptives

Margaret Sanger

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This amendment guaranteed women’s right to vote

19th Amendment

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Wisconsin governor that led the way for many Progressive state leaders. Under his leadership, Wisconsin implemented plans for the direct primary elections, progressive taxation, and rail regulation.

Robert La Follette

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System where voters could propose new laws

Ballot Initiative

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Allowed public to vote on new laws

Referendum

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Gave voters the power to remove officials from office before their terms expired

Recall Election

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Won a number of victories on the state level

Working-Class Progressives

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Most prominent Progressive Leader and liberal, worked hard to rid of political corruption (also has nickname the Trust-buster)

Theodore Roosevelt

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Won election of 1908, helped drive the 16th amendment and 17th amendment. (only former president to be in the supreme court) also conservative

William Howard Taft

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The attempt to secure favorable relationships with Latin American and East Asian countries by providing monetary loans.

Dollar Diplomacy

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Turning points in American history, marks the ever-increasing involvement of the federal government in daily life. Prohibition also took effect during this era.

The Progressive Era

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Third progressive president, a democrat that had to distinguish himself from Teddy/Theodore Roosevelt.

Woodrow Wilson

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Roosevelt’s policies are referred to as this

New Nationalism

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Woodrow Wilson referred to his ideas and policies as this

New Freedom

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Wilson created the ________ which lobbied for and enforced the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

Federal Trade Commission

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Federal Trade Commission enforced this Act

Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

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Wilson created this system which gave the government greater control over the nation’s finances

Federal Reserve System

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One of the most severe pandemics in history, US stepped back from its moral crusade.

Spanish Flu (1918)

Progressivism lasted till the end of this War. This war tore apart the Progressive coalition and pacifist Progressives opposed this war while others supported it.

World War I

Heightened by the Russian Revolution, further split the Progressive movement by dividing the leftist from the moderates.

Red Scare

The Roosevelt Administration committed Cuba to American control under this amendment. Under these stipulations, Cuba could not make a treaty with another nation without U.S approval, and the US had the right to intervene in Cuba's affairs if domestic order dissolved.

The Platt Amendment (1903)

Congress approved a plan for a canal through this country:

Panama

A claim that stated Latin American domestic instability constituted a threat to American Security

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine / Big Stick Policy

Called for America to treat all belligerents (opposing nations) fairly and without favoritism

Neutrality

England's strategic location and superior navy allowed it to impose an effective ______ on shipments headed for Germany

Blockade

Germany attempted to counter England's blockades with:

Submarines / U-Boats

The passenger ship that was sunk by German submarines in 1915, killing 1,198 passengers (128 Americans)

Lusitania

Another passenger ship Germany sank in 1916

The Arabic

German Foreign Minister that had his telegram intercepted from the British in early 1917

Minister Zimmermann

Outlined a German plan to keep the United States out of the European War / Germany provide Mexico and Japan help if they went to war against US.

Zimmermann Telegram

Created to coordinate all facets of industrial and agricultural production, sought to guarantee that not only the United States but also the rest of the Allies would be well supplied

The War Industry Board (WIB)

Passed in 1917, prohibited anyone from using the US mail system to interfere with the war effort

Espionage Act (1917)

Military drafts that required men ages 21-30 to register for military service

Selective Service Act of 1917

Made it illegal to try to prevent the sale of war bonds or speak disparagingly of the government, flag, military, or constitution

Sedition Act (1918)

Argued that the military draft was a blatant violation of the Thirteenth Amendment, ruled that one's freedom of speech and other civil liberties were not absolute and could in fact be curtailed if one's actions posed a clear and present danger

Schenck v. United States

Court justice that ruled one's freedom of speech and other civil liberties were not absolute and could in fact be curtailed if one's actions posed a clear and present danger (schenck v. united states)

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes

A period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire. Placed Russia under Bolshevik control, Americans feared communist takeover.

Russian Revolution (1917)

A radical labor union that were branded enemies of the state and their leaders were imprisoned

International Workers of the World

Created to prevent radicals from taking over

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Headed the Federal Bureau of Investigation

J. Edgar Hoover

Series of bombs exploded in several American cities, including the home of this attorney general. Also organized raids in early 1920.

A. Mitchell Palmer

Series of raids in 1920 due to the ongoing fears of radicalism and spread of communism. 10,000 were arrested and 500 immigrants were deported.

Palmer Raids

The wartime propaganda arm of World War I. Sensational messages that created the image of Germans as cold-blooded, baby killing, power hungry Huns.

Committee on Public Information (CPI)

Southern Black people undertook a _________ to big cities, such as New York, Chicago, St. Louis, and Detroit.

Great Migration

Where did Southern Black people undertake a Great Migration to? (4 cities)

New York Chicago St. Louis Detroit

Woodrow Wilson's plan for world peace that delivered to Congress in January 1918. Called for free trade through lower tariffs, freedom of the seas, reduction of arms supplies on both sides, and promotion of self determination.

Fourteen Points

A mechanism for international cooperation, Woodrow Wilson's fourteen points called for the creation of this

League of Nations

Germany was forced to cede German and colonial territories to the Allies to disarm, pay huge reparations, and to admit total fault the war.

Treaty of Versailles

President has the power to negotiate treaties with foreign nations but treaties are subject to Senate ratification

Separation of Powers / Checks and Balances

Sided with Woodrow Wilson and were willing to accept America's entrance into the League of Nations

Democrats

A group of Republicans opposed to the League

Irreconcilables

A group of Republicans led by Henry Cabot Lodge

Reservationists

Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Woodrow Wilson's political nemesis and intellectual rival.

Henry Cabot Lodge

14 reservations added by Henry Cabot Lodge to reinforce U.S. policy and protect congressional war powers. Woodrow Wilson refused to sign this.

Lodge Reservations

The government became this as they continued to work closely with business leaders as a part of war effort.

Pro-Business

Liberal president with conservative economic plans that supported anti-lynching laws and tried to help farmers by providing farm loans. Had the misfortune of surrounding himself with corrupt advisors, several of his cabinet members wound up in prison.

Warren Harding

Oil companies bribed the secretary of the interior in order to drill on public lands. (Warren Harding)

Teapot Dome Scandal

Ran for presidency in 1924, turned the election into a debate on the economy by running the slogan "Coolidge prosperity". Continued Harding's conservative economic policies and pushed for lower income-tax rates.

Calvin Coolidge

Expensive conveniences before Henry Ford perfected the assembly line and mass production, which lowered the cost and allowed city workers to move further away from city centers. Became a necessity

Automobile

Outlying district near the city, automobiles led to this

Suburbs

10 million families owned these, common to see several families gather at the home of someone who had this and settle

Radios

Effective advertising that grew up during the decade to hype new household appliances/products

The Advertising Industry

What percent of married women entered the work force?

15%

Predominantly female-dominated professions (ex: school teaching, office-assistants) that earned less than men

Pink Collar Jobs

A new image of American women that emerged in the 1920's that became a symbol of the Roaring Twenties. Opened up a new generation of emancipated women. Wore waist less dresses worn above the knee

The Flapper

Grew tremendously popular during the decade, reflecting back at the Nation its idealized self-image on movie screens.

Movies

Idolized by millions, greatest baseball player of the era.

Babe Ruth

In literature, America gained international prominence through such world-class authors and playwrights

F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway Eugene O'Neill

The world-class authors and writers that moved to Europe, where they chronicled their alienation from the modern era.

Lost Generation

Largest Black neighborhood of NYC that had theaters, cultural clubs, and newspapers.

Harlem Renaissance

Great figures of the Harlem Renaissance in poetry

Langston Hughes Countee Cullen Zora Neale Hurston

Black cultural development of Jazz that featured improvisation and free-spiritedness.

Jazz Age

One of the most popular and most gifted of the era's jazz musicians

Louis Armstrong