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Nur 389 Test 2 > Chapter 12- Measurement + Data Collection > Flashcards

Chapter 12- Measurement + Data Collection Flashcards

0
Q

What does measurement imply?

A

Quantification of information

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1
Q

Def measurement

A

The process of assigning numbers to variables

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2
Q

List the levels of measurement (4)

A

Nominal level of measurement
Ordinal level of measurement
Interval level of measurement
Ratio level of measurement

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3
Q

Def nominal level of measurement

A

Objects or events are named, categorized, or numbered
Numbers do not hold any significant value
Least rigorous of the measurement levels

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4
Q

Def ordinal level of measurement

A 
Data that can be rank ordered as well as placed into categories
#s obtained indicate the order rather than exact quantity of the variables
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5
Q

Def interval level of measurement

A

Can be placed in categories and ranked.

Also, the distance bx the ranks can be specified

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6
Q

Def ratio level of measurement

A
  • data that can be recognized and ranked
  • distance bx ranks specified
  • true/ natural zero point identified
  • highest, most precise level of data
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7
Q

Def zero point

A

There is a total absence of the quantity being measured

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8
Q

T/f - data can be converted to a higher level

A

F- data can be converted, but only to a lower level of measurement

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9
Q

What level of measurement would a researcher use of they were concerned with the precision of data

A

Interval
Or
Ratio

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10
Q

What level of measurement would a researcher if ranking or categorizing data is sufficient to answer the research questions or test the research hypothesis

A

Ordinal

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11
Q

Which level of measurement would a researcher use if categorizing the data is all that is needed

A

Nominal

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12
Q

What are the main considerations in determining the level of measurement for data (2)

A
  • the level of measurement appropriate for the type of data that are being sought
  • the degree of precision desired when it is possible to consider the data at more than one level
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13
Q

What are the 5 important questions of the data collection process

A
  • who will collect the data
  • when will the data be collected
  • where will the data be collected
  • what data will be collected
  • how will the data be collected
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14
Q

Data collection methods are governed by…

A
  • the research question
  • hypothesis
  • design of the study
  • amt of knowledge available abt the variable interest
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15
Q

List the different types of collection data methods

A 
Physiological measures
Observation measures
Self report questionnaires
Interviews
Attitude scales
Psychological tests
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16
Q

What is the most frequently used data collection method

A

Quesitonaires

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17
Q

Def research instruments

A

Devices used to collect data

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18
Q

What is the benefit of using an already tested instrument

A

Helps connect the present study with the existing body of knowledge on the variables

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19
Q

What is the oldest and most well known sources of research instruments

A

MMY- mental measurement yearbooks

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20
Q

What criteria must an instrument have in order to be reviewed by the MMY

A

Must be commercially available
Be published in the English language
Be new, revised, or widely used since it last appeared in the MMY series

21
Q

What factors help determine the size of the pilot study group

A

Time
Cost
Availability of person similar to the study subjects

22
Q

What is practicality of an instrument

A

Cost and appropriateness for the study population

23
Q

Def reliability of the instrument

A

Consistency and stability of the instrument

Presented as a correlation coefficient (-1-+1)

24
Q

When isn’t risky to use an instrument

A

When it has a reliability of less than 0.7

25
Q

Def stability of an instrument

A

Consistency of the instrument over time

26
Q

Def equivalence reliability

A

Degree to which 2 forms of an instrument obtain the same results
Or
2 or more observers using a single instrument obtain the same results

27
Q

Def alternate forms reliability/ parallel forms reliability

A

Comparisons of raters or observers using the same instrument

28
Q

How is alternate forms reliability determined

A

By the degree to which 2 or more independant raters or observers are in agreement

29
Q

Def internal consistency reliability

A

Aka scale homogeneity

Addresses the extent to which all items on an instrument measure the same variable

30
Q

When is internal consistency reliability appropriate to use

A

When the instrument is examining one concept or construct at a time

31
Q

Def validity

A

Ability to gather the data that it is intended to gather

32
Q

How can validity be established

A

Through the use of a panel of experts

An examination of the existing literature on the topic

33
Q

What are the 4 categories of validity

A

Face
Content
Criterion
Construct

34
Q

Def face validity

A

When a preliminary shows that it is measuring what it is supposed to measure

35
Q

Def content validity

A

The scope or range of items used to measure the variable

- are the number and type of items adequate to measure the concept or construct of interest?

36
Q

What are the 3 methods to evaluating the content validity of an instrument

A

1- comparing the content of the instrument with the material available in the literature on the topic
2- use a panel of experts
3- test blue print design around the objectives for the content being taught and the level of knowledge that is expected

37
Q

T/f - the exact degree of content validity can be developed?

A

False- actual degree of content validity is never established, but can be estimated

38
Q

Def criterion validity

A

The extent to which an instrument corresponds to or is correlated with some criterion measure of the variable of interest
- assesses the ability of an instrument to determine subjects responses at the present time or predict subjects responses in the future

39
Q

List the 2 types of criterion validity

A

Concurrent

Predictive

40
Q

Def concurrent validity

A

Compares an instruments ability to obtain a measurement of subjects behavior that is comparable to some other criterion of that behavior
- does the instrument under consideration correlate with another instrument that measures the same behavior or responses?

41
Q

Def predictive validity

A

Ability of an instrument to predict behavior or responses of subjects in the future

42
Q

What validity is the the most difficult to measure

A

Content validity

43
Q

Def content validity

A

The degree to which an instrument measures the construct it is supposed to measure
- measure font variable that is not directly observable

44
Q

List the two methods to measure construct validity

A

Known groups procedure

Factor analysis

45
Q

Def known groups procedure

A

Instrument under consideration is adminstered to 2 groups of ppl whose responses are expected to differ on the variable of interest

46
Q

Def factor analysis

A

Used to identify clusters of related items on an instrument scale
Can measure one or several constructs

47
Q

T/f - an instrument can be valid w/o being reliable

A

False- an instrument cannot be valid unless it is reliable

48
Q

T/f- the reliability of an instrument tells nothing about the degree of validity of the instrument

A

True

49
Q

Where can errors in data collection arise from?

A

Instrument inadequacies
Instrument administration biases
Environmental variations during the data collection process
Temporary subject characteristics during the data collection process

Nur 389 Test 2 (8 decks)

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