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Nur 389 Test 2 > Chapter 11- Populations And Samples > Flashcards

Chapter 11- Populations And Samples Flashcards

0
Q

What is the goal of sampling in quant research

A

Make generalizations abt the pop from which the sample was drawn

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1
Q

Def population

A

A complete set of persons or objects that possess some common characteristic of interest to the researcher

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2
Q

What 2 groups is the population composed of

A

Target pop

Accessible pop

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3
Q

Def target pop

A

The entire group or objects to which the researcher wishes to generalize the findings of a study

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4
Q

T/f- the target pop meet the designated criteria of interest

A

True

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5
Q

When is an accessible pop used

A

When the researcher cannot obtain a list and obtains a sample from an available group

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6
Q

Def element

A

A single member of a pop

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7
Q

Def sampling frame

A

A listing of all elements of a pop

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8
Q

Name the 2 types of sampling methods

A

Probability

Non probability

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9
Q

Name the types of probability sampling (4)

A

Simple random sampling
Stratifies random sampling
Cluster random sampling
Systematic random sampling

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10
Q

Def probability sampling

A

The use of a random selection process to obtain a sample from members or elements of a population

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11
Q

What is the goal of probability sampling

A

Obtain representative elements of pop

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12
Q

Probability sampling FYI

A
  • each pop element has a known chance or probability of being selected for the sample
  • investigators bias does not interfere
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13
Q

Def simple random sampling

A

Ensures each element of the pop has an equal chance of being chosen

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14
Q

Simple random sampling includes _____. ______ _______

A

Table of numbers

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15
Q

Def table of random

A
  • a group of numbers in nor order or sequence

- each number has an equal chance of being selected

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16
Q

Def stratified random sampling

A

Population is divided into 2 subgroups or strata according to some variable of importance.
- simple random sample is taken from each subgroup

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17
Q

Def proportional stratified sampling

A

Obtaining a sample from each stratum that is proportional to the size of the stratum in the total pop

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18
Q

Def disproportional stratified sampling

A

Selection of members from strata in which the number of members chosen from each stratum is not in proportion to the size of the stratum in the total pop

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19
Q

What should be considered when using disproportional stratified sampling

A

Weighting- an adjustment process

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20
Q

Def weighting

A
  • an adjustment process that involves simple computations

- adjustments allow a better estimate if the actual pop values

21
Q

When is cluster random sampling used

A

Large scale studies

22
Q

Def cluster sampling

A

Large groups , or clusters become the sampling units

23
Q

What is the draw back of using cluster random sampling and how can it be compensated

A
  • sampling error incr with each stage of sampling

- compensate by using larger samples

24
Q

Def systemic random sampling

A

Selects every kth element of pop

25
Q

Steps of systematic random sampling

A
  • obtain a list of total pop (N)
  • determine size of sample (n)
  • determine sample interval width = N/n
26
Q

Def non probability sampling

A

Sample elements are chosen from the pop by no random methods

27
Q

What is the draw back to using non probability sampling

A

More likely to produce a biased sample

28
Q

Why would non probability sampling be used

A

Convenience

29
Q

List the different methods of non probability sampling

A

Convenience
Quota
Purposive

30
Q

Def convenience sampling

A
  • aka accidental/ incidental

- choosing readily available ppl or objects for a study

31
Q

Benefits of using convenience sampling

A

Saving time and money

32
Q

Def snowball sampling/ network sampling

A

The assistance of study subjects to help obtain other potential subjects

33
Q

Def quota sampling

A
  • first step involves dividing the homogenous strata and selecting same elements from each of these strata
  • obtain members through convenience samples
34
Q

Def purposive sampling

A

Hand picking of subjects
Aka judge mental sampling
Subjects are chosen that the researcher believes represent the pop
- based on the assumption that the researcher/ chosen expert has enough knowledge abt the pop of interest to select specific subjects for the study

35
Q

Which most often uses purposive sampling- quant or qual studies?

A

Qual

36
Q

Def longitudinal study

A

Follows subjects over a period of time in the future

37
Q

Def cross sectional study

A

Examines subjects at one point in time

38
Q

Def cohort study

A

Focus is on a subgroup of a pop , frequently persons who are of a simian age group

39
Q

T/f - quant studies use much smaller sample sizes than qual studies

A

False- qual use smaller sizes

40
Q

When may large sample sizes be needed

A
  • many uncontrolled variables
  • small differences expected in members
  • pop must be divided into subgroups
  • drop out rate expected to be high
  • statistical tests require minimum sample sizes
41
Q

Def power analysis

A

A,procedure that can be used to determine the needed sample size

42
Q

Def sampling error

A

The difference bx data obtained from a random sample and the data that would be obtained if an entire pop were measured

43
Q

T/f- sampling error is controlled by the researcher

A

False- not under the researchers control

44
Q

What is sampling error caused by

A

When a sample is chosen to represent a pop

45
Q

Def sampling bias

A

Sampling errors and bias are caused by the researcher if samples are not carefully selected

46
Q

Def volunteers

A

Subjects who approach the researcher asking to participate in the study

47
Q

How is volunteer sample diffent from a convenience sample

A

Convenience sample participants are approached by the researcher

48
Q

Draw backs of volunteer sample elements

A
  • volunteers may take greater risks than non volunteers

- may be motivated by monetary or other types of rewards

49
Q

Def random sampling

A

The selection of a sample from them pop

50
Q

Def random assignment

A

The unbiased placement of the subjects to either the experimental or control groups Ina. Study

51
Q

Which type of sampling is necessary for a true experimental design

A

Random assignment

Nur 389 Test 2 (8 decks)

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