~Chapter 12 - Lecture Section 12.1 Flashcards
What is Auditory Space?
We are able to perceive objects and events located at specific positions in space based on sound alone.
Auditory Space is talking about the stimulus, the info about object location that is available
What is Auditory Localization?
We can localize an object’s position in space based on sound.
Auditory Localization is the perceptual ability for us to take advantage of the info of Auditory Space.
Auditory Localization is often described in coordinates in ___ dimensions
3
What are the 3 coordinates used to describe Auditory Localization?
Azimuth, Elevation, and Distance
Azimuth is the ___ meridian, such as ___ and ___.
horizontal // left // right
Elevation is the ___ meridian, such as ___ and ___.
vertical // up // down
There are not auditory mechanisms to determine ___.
distance
Azimuth and Elevation are usually reported in ___ to account for ___.
degrees // absolute Distance
Are people generally good or bad at localizing sounds?
People are pretty good at localizing sounds
When subjects were blindfolded and asked to identify sounds coming from inside the dome, researchers found that people are most accurate for detecting the location of sounds ___, with an error of ___ degrees.
directly in front of them // 2-3.5
When subjects were blindfolded and asked to identify sounds coming from inside the dome, researchers found that people are least accurate for detecting the location of sounds ___, with an error of ___ degrees.
around the side, above, and behind the head // 20
The Primary receptor for sound (the Cochlea) detects ___ and ___ of sounds, not ___.
frequencies // intensity // space
The Auditory system uses ___, similar to the visual system using ___.
Location Cues // Depth cues
What are Binaural Cues?
Cues that require two ears
What are Monaural Cues?
Cues that require only one ear
Monaural Cues include the ___ and ___.
Head // Pinnae
Binaural Cues use ___ and ___.
Interaural Time Difference (ITD) // Interaural Level Difference (ILD)
What is the speed of sound?
340m/s
What does ITD rely on?
ITD relies on the fact that the Speed of sound 340m/s is pretty slow in terms of how fast the nervous system operates.
When sound is coming from the front, sound waves arrive to the Left and Right ears at ___ time(s), and the ITD = ___.
the same // 0
When sound is played from the side, sound travels ___ enough that there is ___ from when sound arrives at the near ear to when it activates the far ear, the ITD = ___.
slow // a detectable difference // > 0 (greater than 0)
ITD is really intuitive if you consider ___.
Aperiodic sounds
What does it mean when the Tympanic Membranes are moving out of phase?
One is being pushed in and the other is being pushed out
The Tympanic Membrane is pushed in when it’s struck by ___.
Condensation