chapter 12: consumerism, health, and health care Flashcards
primary responsibility is to submit to physician’s authority and follow the directions as closely as possible
patients
acknowledgement of their own lack of expertise, effectively “hire” the physician to provide medical knowledge and intructions
clients
people who may work in partnership with health care providers but ultimately take charge of their own health-related decisions
consumers
an ideology in which an individual consumes goods and services to fulfill their own interests, they have the freedom to make informed, rational choices
consumerism
the process in which previously public services become increasingly like private businesses facilitating competition between firms to attract consumers
marketization
the tangible aspects of the health care system (hospitals, clinics, or the physical layout of a health care organization)
healthscapes
something that can be purchased and sold
commodity
stresses that the individuals is more important than the collective group
individualism
pharmaceutical advertising that is aimed directly at the consumer (as opposed to advertising to the prescribing physician)
direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising
why did government restrict pharmaceutical advertisement on social media before
-health is a matter of substantial insecurity for many individuals
-lawmakers felt that determining the benefits, risks, and potential complications of a pharmaceutical treatment was a complex process that required the expertise of a trained physician
characteristic of a “doctor knows best” attitude that limits patient knowledge, choice, and autonomy
paternalistic
what is the purpose of DTC advertising
attempts to remedy power imbalance between physicians and consumers
refers to the act of crossing national borders in order to access health care treatments
medical tourism
occurs as large numbers of medical professionals abandon the public sector for lucrative private work
internal brain drain
a consumer who knows the risks, benefits, and costs of what they are acquiring or purchasing
informed consumer
hyper-informed consumer
expert patient
history of consumerism
transformation of traditional health care provider and patient relationship to informed consumer
- 1970s: grassroots activists start the notion of “patient as active consumer” of health care
- 1990s: governments and health care care businesses start pushing this idea
free-market capitalism ideology
wide range of choices,
competitive nature of the free market ensures that patient/consumers get the best products and services at the lowest costs
what are the problems with the informed consumer
- information on the internet is not monitored and may be incorrect (wrong decisions)
- can be very time-consuming and not always helpful to their own case
- may request expensive tests or treatments (drives up the costs of health care)
- unrealistic expectation for consumers to have the same level of expertise as medically trained professionals
what are the hospitality strategies applied to the health care industry
- better food
- multi-night hospitality suits with nursing services
- improved physical facilities with brighter colours, valet parking, and individualized options
what does regional franchise do
providers with recognizable names help offset and influence the views of individuals who receive care at those institutions
preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations
health disparity
number of people with a condition/disease
prevalence
number of people who newly develop a condition/disease within a period of time
incidence
The Black Report
1980, demonstrated that while overall health in England had improved since the 1950s, there were increasing inequities in individual health status (result of differences in social class)
The Whitehall Study
2012, the study of British civil service demonstrated that health status varies throughout the hierarchy of positions ( those in higher positions had better health outcomes)
Mustard
1997, the study conducted in Manitoba examined the effects of education and income, found the burden of inequities increases as people get older and income has more effect than education
a change in health that results from measures or specific interventions
health outcome
