chapter 12: consumerism, health, and health care

Question 1

primary responsibility is to submit to physician’s authority and follow the directions as closely as possible

Answer 1

patients

Question 2

acknowledgement of their own lack of expertise, effectively “hire” the physician to provide medical knowledge and intructions

Answer 2

clients

Question 3

people who may work in partnership with health care providers but ultimately take charge of their own health-related decisions

Answer 3

consumers

Question 4

an ideology in which an individual consumes goods and services to fulfill their own interests, they have the freedom to make informed, rational choices

Answer 4

consumerism

Question 5

the process in which previously public services become increasingly like private businesses facilitating competition between firms to attract consumers

Answer 5

marketization

Question 6

the tangible aspects of the health care system (hospitals, clinics, or the physical layout of a health care organization)

Answer 6

healthscapes

Question 7

something that can be purchased and sold

Answer 7

commodity

Question 8

stresses that the individuals is more important than the collective group

Answer 8

individualism

Question 9

pharmaceutical advertising that is aimed directly at the consumer (as opposed to advertising to the prescribing physician)

Answer 9

direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising

Question 10

why did government restrict pharmaceutical advertisement on social media before

Answer 10

-health is a matter of substantial insecurity for many individuals
-lawmakers felt that determining the benefits, risks, and potential complications of a pharmaceutical treatment was a complex process that required the expertise of a trained physician

Question 11

characteristic of a “doctor knows best” attitude that limits patient knowledge, choice, and autonomy

Answer 11

paternalistic

Question 11

what is the purpose of DTC advertising

Answer 11

attempts to remedy power imbalance between physicians and consumers

Question 12

refers to the act of crossing national borders in order to access health care treatments

Answer 12

medical tourism

Question 13

occurs as large numbers of medical professionals abandon the public sector for lucrative private work

Answer 13

internal brain drain

Question 14

a consumer who knows the risks, benefits, and costs of what they are acquiring or purchasing

Answer 14

informed consumer

Question 15

hyper-informed consumer

Answer 15

expert patient

Question 16

history of consumerism

Answer 16

transformation of traditional health care provider and patient relationship to informed consumer
- 1970s: grassroots activists start the notion of “patient as active consumer” of health care
- 1990s: governments and health care care businesses start pushing this idea

Question 17

free-market capitalism ideology

Answer 17

wide range of choices,
competitive nature of the free market ensures that patient/consumers get the best products and services at the lowest costs

Question 18

what are the problems with the informed consumer

Answer 18

• information on the internet is not monitored and may be incorrect (wrong decisions)
• can be very time-consuming and not always helpful to their own case
• may request expensive tests or treatments (drives up the costs of health care)
• unrealistic expectation for consumers to have the same level of expertise as medically trained professionals

Question 19

what are the hospitality strategies applied to the health care industry

Answer 19

• better food
• multi-night hospitality suits with nursing services
• improved physical facilities with brighter colours, valet parking, and individualized options

Question 20

what does regional franchise do

Answer 20

providers with recognizable names help offset and influence the views of individuals who receive care at those institutions

Question 21

preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially disadvantaged populations

Answer 21

health disparity

Question 22

number of people with a condition/disease

Answer 22

prevalence

Question 23

number of people who newly develop a condition/disease within a period of time

Answer 23

incidence

Question 24

The Black Report

Answer 24

1980, demonstrated that while overall health in England had improved since the 1950s, there were increasing inequities in individual health status (result of differences in social class)

Question 25

The Whitehall Study

Answer 25

2012, the study of British civil service demonstrated that health status varies throughout the hierarchy of positions ( those in higher positions had better health outcomes)

Question 26

Mustard

Answer 26

1997, the study conducted in Manitoba examined the effects of education and income, found the burden of inequities increases as people get older and income has more effect than education

Question 27

a change in health that results from measures or specific interventions

Answer 27

health outcome