Chapter 12

Question 1

What is stress?

Answer 1

The physiological responses that occur when an organism fails to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats; feeling of strain and pressure brought on by threats or demand; perception of threat

Question 2

Stress can establish or transition to anxiety. But what is the difference between the two?

Note that they both had very similar symptoms

Answer 2

Stress is caused by an external trigger and is a bodily response to trigger. It is generally short term and can’t be negative or positive.

Anxiety is persistent, excessive worry is that don’t go away even in the absence of a stressor and might be out of proportion to the actual likelihood or impact of the anticipated event or events. This can be triggered by stress and is sustained for a duration. Anxiety is negative and can cause significant impairment in social, occupational, and other important areas of functioning

Question 3

What is the difference between eustress and distress?

Answer 3

Eustress is positive stress that is associated with improved performance and productivity

Distress is negative stress that is associated with performance decrease man and negative health consequences

Question 4

What is the stress cycle and who proposed it?

Answer 4

Hans Selye (1956)

Starts with alarm when the threat is perceived. A physiological response is activated
Then there is resistance or an attempt to cope with the stressor and the physiological arousal continues
Lastly there is exhaustion and this is result of long-term stress. body negatively impacted by sustained physiological arousal

Question 5

What is the HPA axis?

Answer 5

Physiological response to stress involving interactions among the hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal glands

The hypothalamus send hormone signals to the pituitary gland; which sends out hormone ACTH; which then activates the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol and epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 6

What is the function of cortisol? Hint hormone

Answer 6

Primary stress hormone that releases glucose into the blood; helps prepare body to respond to threat

Question 7

What is the function of epinephrine and norepinephrine or also known as adrenaline and noradrenaline

Hint hormones

Answer 7

Hormones that increase heart rate, elevate blood pressure, and boost energy supplies

Question 8

What are two ways that we can measure stress?

Answer 8

Psychological tests of self-reported perceptions and physiological measures Regarding hormone levels, blood pressure, galvanic skin response

Question 9

What is the Holmes and Rahe stress scale?

Answer 9

For adults, stressful life events and their life change units scores

If the score is less than 150 the chance of developing a stress related illness is 30%. 150 to 299 is 50% and more than 300 is 80%

Question 10

What is psychoneuroimmunology?

Answer 10

The study of relationships among psychology, the nervous and endocrine systems, and the immune system

A.k.a. the impact of stress and immune system function

Question 11

What eight body systems are affected by stress?

Answer 11

Musculoskeletal system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, endocrine system, gastrointestinal system, male reproductive system, female reproductive system, and respiratory

Question 12

When is stress good and when I stress bad?

Answer 12

The initial arousal that accompany stress is typically adaptive and helps us respond to potentially dangerous events. When stress is chronic, there is a direct negative influence on health.

Question 13

What are things that work for stress management?

Answer 13

Identify stressors, get adequate rest, develop a time management planner daily schedule, healthy diet, regular physical exercise, mobilize a support network, meditation or mindfulness, and share or expressed your thoughts and feelings to self or others

Question 14

How does mindfulness-based stress reduction work?

Answer 14

Mindfulness is the awareness that arises when they pay attention to what is happening in the present moment on purpose with an attitude of non-judgment.

And bring attention to response pattern and disrupt the habit loop

Question 15

What are the three different moods of happiness?

Answer 15

Attunement which is security, openness, confidence
Engagement which is interesting engagement with worthy pursuit, vitality, activity flow
Endorsement which is signal life is good, feelings of happiness and joy

Question 16

What is state theory?

Answer 16

Positive emotional condition obtained by recalling a happy period From the past

Question 17

What is hedonism

Answer 17

Pleasant experiences or to have more pleasant experiences and unpleasant experiences overall.In simple terms hedonism is pleasure

Out that happiness is more than just pleasurable experiences

Question 18

Happiness is a combination of what three things? Hint theories

Answer 18

State theory or the positive emotional condition, hedonism theory or pleasure, and life satisfaction theory which is being satisfied with your life

Question 19

What is habituation?

Answer 19

Repeated indulgence in the same pleasure, at the same level, less pleasurable overtime

Question 20

What is the hedonic treadmill?

Answer 20

We rapidly and inevitably adapt to good things by taking them for granted

Question 21

What are the five sources of happiness. Hint SOARS

Answer 21

Security, outlook, autonomy, relationships, and skilled and meaningful activity

Question 22

True or false the pursuit of happiness is both individual and social cultural?

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What are four things you can do to increase happiness?

Answer 23

One identify, build, and use your signature strengths and capacities. To connect with people and things that matter. Three help others. Four foster gratitude.

Question 24

What are four other sources of happiness specific to individuals?

Answer 24

Religion, nature, self-esteem, and pets

Question 25

What are the top five regrets of the dying?

Answer 25

One I wish I’d had the courage to live a life true to myself, not the life I was expected of me.
Too I wish I hadn’t worked so hard.
Three I wish I had the courage to express my feelings.
For I wish I had stayed in touch with my friends.
Five I wish I had let myself be happier