Chapter 11 Flashcards
What drives behavior?
Affect: the experience of feeling or emotion. Involves arousal or bodily responses to lived experiences produced by the nervous system. Causes emotion and motivation
What is emotion?
A mental and physiological feeling state that directs our attention and guides our behaviour
What are the three components of emotion?
Biological capacity, cognitive processes, socio-cultural shaping
What do researchers exploring the biological aspects of emotional attend to
Facial expressions, brain regions and circuits, and the automatic nervous system
What is the universal recognition of primary emotions?
Facial expressions
What are the six primary emotions?As well as the three controversial additions
Scared, angry, sad, happy, disgusted, and shocked.
Contempt, pride, and shame.
The functions of facial expressions?
Express internal feelings as well as influence our internal feelings or emotional states
What is the facial feedback hypothesis
The movement of our facial muscles can trigger corresponding emotions
Which side of the brain stronger identifies emotions?
The right side of the brain
what are secondary emotions?
Emotions which are specific to certain cultures or which depend on individual cognitive complexity.
Sprout from primary emotions
Do you cognitive interpretations or appraisals allow us to experience?
How much larger and more complex set of secondary emotions
A.k.a. as we mature we develop more complex emotions
Which is quicker in the brain: primary emotions or secondary emotions
Secondary emotions are slower because the pathways are more complex. Primary emotions take the quick path. Primary emotions go through the frontal cortex
What are compound emotions?
Emotions constructed by combining primary emotions.
Example disgustedly surprised, happily disgusted, happily surprised
What are six common nonverbal communicators.
Hint body language
Proxemics or the rules about the appropriate use of personal space. Body appearance. Body positioning and movement. Gestures. Facial expressions. And paralanguage or clues to identify or emotions contained in our voices
What is the role of attributions, beliefs, expectations, and perceptions in our experience of emotion?
Hint Schachter and Singer 1962
The experience of emotion depends on both physical arousal and cognitive interpretations of that arousal
Example there is a bodily response to a threat it is interpreted and then comes fear. Somebody sees a dog, they think that it could attack them, and then they feel fear.
This opposes the idea of seeing the dog, feeling fear, and then the body response
What are mirror neurons?
Brain cells that fire when a person or animal observes another caring out an action. This plays a role in emotional contagion or mood contagion
What are culture bound emotions?
These are emotions for specific feelings that cultures explain. The words for these emotions are specific to that culture. For example Germany has a word for a feeling of joy at another switch the misfortune. Japan has aA word for feeling of dependency towards institutions or others back into infants feel towards their mothers
What is the relationship between gender and emotion
Success experience the same emotions well the social cultural expression is different. Emotional valuated or is expected to be expressed in different ways.
Note there are some biological factors, but with Socio advancement these have little influence
What are the functions of emotions? Note there are three
Intrapersonal These emotions allow an individual to act quickly with little conscious awareness. Prepare the body for action. Influence their thoughts. And motivate future behavior.
interpersonal emotions facilitate behaviours and procedures. Signal the nature of the interpersonal relationships. And Incentivize desired social behaviour
social and culturalAre the ideal or taboo emotions. They culturally display rules. And maintain social order
What is motivation?
A driving force that initiates and directs behavior: processes within a person that cause movement towards a goal or away from an unpleasant situation
There are three types:Cultural/societal, bodily, and regarding the mind
Motivations are linked to two things:
Drives which are the internal states that are activated when the physiological characteristics of the body are out of balance.
And goals which are cognitive representation of a desired end state that we strive to attain or a mental idea of how we’d like things to turn out
What are the two basic sources of motivation?
Intrinsic which is the desire to do something for its own sake or the pleasure it brings.
Extrinsic which is the desire to pursue a goal for external rewards
