Chapter 12 Flashcards
What is motivation
motivation is a psychological process through which unsatisfied wants or needs lead to drives that are aimed at goals or incentives
what is the basic motivation process?
unsatisfied need –> drive toward goal to satisfy need –> attainment of goal (need satisfaction)
what are the two determinants of motivation?
- intrinsic: an individual experiences fulfillment through carrying out an activity itself and helping other
- extrinsic: the external environment and result of the activity in the form of competition or compensation or incentive plans are of great importance
What is the universalist assumption?
Assumption: the motivation process is universal; all people are motivated to pursue goals they value but culture and content and goals pursued as well as nature of motivation
What are content and goals pursued as well as nature of motivation?
key incentives ie. money, the primary interest ie. group interest, important motivators ie. personal success and personal achievement, important goals ie. social harmony
-no one motivation theory can be universally applied across cultures
what is the Herzberg Theory?
a theory that identifies two sets of factors that influence job satisfaction:
- motivators (psychological): job-content factors such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and the work itself
- hygiene factors (environmental): job-context factors such as salary, interpersonal relations, technical supervision, working conditions, and company policies and administration
What is the achievement motivation theory
achievement motivation theory holds that individuals can have a need to get ahead, to attain success, and to reach objectives; the need for achievement is learned
profile of high achievers: they like situations in which they take personal responsibility for finding solutions to problems, moderate risk takers, want concrete feedback on performance, tend to be loners not team players
what should you do to develop high achievement needs?
obtain feedback on performance, emulate people who are successful, develop an internal desire for success and challenges, daydream in positive terms by picturing self being successful
what are process theories
these theories explain how employee behavior is initiated, redirected, and halted and can be used to understand motivation in the international arena
what is equity theory
focuses on how motivation is affected by people’s perception of how fairly they are being treated
what is goal setting theory
goal setting theory focuses on how individuals set goals and respond to them and the overall impact of this process on motivation
what is expectancy theory
a process theory that postulates that motivation is influenced by a person’s belief that effort will lead to performance, performance will lead to specific outcomes, outcomes will be of value to the individual
