Chapter 12

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

An inferred process within a person or animal that causes movement either toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation.

Question 2

intrinsic motivation

Answer 2

The pursuit of an activity for its own sake.

Question 3

extrinsic motivation

Answer 3

The pursuit of an activity for external rewards, such as money or fame.

Question 4

set point

Answer 4

The genetically influenced weight range for an individual; it is maintained by biological mechanisms that regulate food intake, fat reserves, and metabolism.

Question 5

bulimia nervosa

Answer 5

An eating disorder characterized by episodes of excessive eating (bingeing) followed by forced vomiting or use of laxatives (purging).

Question 6

anorexia nervosa

Answer 6

An eating disorder characterized by fear of being fat, a distorted body image, radically reduced consumption of food, and emaciation.

Question 7

sexual scripts

Answer 7

Sets of implicit rules that specify proper sexual behavior for a person in a given situation, varying with the person’s gender, age, sexual orientation, religion, social status, and peer group.

Question 8

approach goals

Answer 8

Goals framed in terms of desired outcomes or experiences, such as learning to scuba dive.

Question 9

avoidance goals

Answer 9

Goals framed in terms of avoiding unpleasant experiences, such as trying not to look foolish in public.

Question 10

performance goals

Answer 10

Goals framed in terms of performing well in front of others, being judged favorably. and avoiding criticism.

Question 11

mastery (learning) goals

Answer 11

Goals framed in terms of increasing one’s competence and skills.

Question 12

self-fulfilling prophecy

Answer 12

An expectation that comes true because of the tendency of the person holding it to act in ways that bring it about.

Question 13

self-efficacy

Answer 13

A person’s belief that he or she is capable of producing desired results, such as mastering new skills and reaching goals.