Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

source misattribution

A

The inability to distinguish an actual memory of an event from information you learned about the event elsewhere.

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2
Q

confabulation

A

Confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened.

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3
Q

explicit memory

A

Conscious, intentional recollection of an event or of an item of information.

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4
Q

recall

A

The ability to retrieve and reproduce from memory previously encountered material.

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5
Q

recognition

A

The ability to identify previously encountered material.

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6
Q

implicit memory

A

Unconscious retention in memory, as evidenced by the effect of a previous experience or previously encountered information on current thoughts or actions.

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7
Q

priming

A

A method for measuring implicit memory in which a person reads or listens to information and is later tested to see whether the information affects performance on another type of task.

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8
Q

relearning method

A

A method for measuring retention that compares the time required to relearn material with the time used in the initial learning of the material.

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9
Q

parallel distributed processing (PDP) model

A

A model of memory in which knowledge is represented as connections among thousands of interacting processing units, distributed in a vast network, and all operating in parallel.

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10
Q

sensory register

A

A memory that momentarily preserves extremely accurate images of sensory information.

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11
Q

short-term memory (STM)

A

In the three-box model of memory, a limited capacity memory system involved in the retention of information for brief periods it is also used to hold information retrieved from long-term memory for temporary use.

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12
Q

chunk

A

A meaningful unit of information; it may be composed of smaller units.

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13
Q

working memory

A

In many models of memory, a cognitively complex form of short-term memory; it involves active mental processes that control retrieval of information from long-term memory and interpret that information appropriately for a given task.

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14
Q

long-term memory (LTM)

A

In the three-box model of memory, the memory system involved in the long term storage of information.

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15
Q

procedural memories

A

Memories for the performance of actions or skills (“knowing how”).

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16
Q

declarative memories

A

Memories of facts, rules, concepts, and events (“knowing that”); they include semantic and episodic memories.

17
Q

semantic memories

A

Memories of general knowledge, including facts, rules, concepts, and propositions.

18
Q

episodic memories

A

Memories of personally experienced events and the contexts in which they occurred.

19
Q

serial-position effect

A

The tendency for recall of the first and last items on a list to surpass recall of items in the middle of the list

20
Q

long-term potentiation

A

A long-lasting increase in the strength of synaptic responsiveness, thought to be a biological mechanism of long-term memory.

21
Q

consolidation

A

The process by which a long-term memory becomes durable and relatively stable.

22
Q

mnemonics

A

Strategies and tricks for improving memory, such as the use of a verse or a formula.

23
Q

maintenance rehearsal

A

Rote repitition of material in order to maintain its availability in memory.

24
Q

elaborative rehearsal

A

Association of new information with already stored knowledge and analysis of the new information to make it memorable.

25
Q

deep processing

A

In the encoding of information, the processing of meaning rather than simply the physical or sensory features of a stimulus.

26
Q

decay theory

A

The theory that information in memory eventually disappears if it is not accessed; it applies better to short-term than to long-term memory.

27
Q

retroactive interference

A

Forgetting that occurs when recently learned material interferes with the ability to remember similar material stored previously.

28
Q

proactive interference

A

Forgetting that occurs when previously stored material interferes with the ability to remember similar more recently learned material.

29
Q

cue-dependent forgetting

A

The inability to retrieve information stored in memory because of insufficient cues for recall.

30
Q

state-dependent memory

A

The tendency to remember something when the rememberer is in the same physical or mental state as during the original learning or experience

31
Q

mood-congruent memory

A

The tendency to remember experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood and overlook or forget experiences that are not.

32
Q

amnesia

A

The partial or complete loss of memory for important personal information.

33
Q

repression

A

In psychoanalytic theory; the selective, involuntary pushing of threatening or upsetting information into the unconscious.

34
Q

childhood amnesia

A

The inability to remember events and experiences that occurred during the first 2 or 3 years of life.