Chapter 1

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

The discipline concerned with behavior and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment.

Question 2

Empirical (evidence)

Answer 2

Relying on or derived from observation, experimentation, or measurement.

Question 3

Critical thinking

Answer 3

The ability and willingness to assess claims and make judgments based on supported reasons and evidence, not emotion or anecdote.

Question 4

Guidelines for Critical thinking

Answer 4

1. Ask questions, be willing to wonder
2. Define your terms
3. Examine the evidence
4. Analyze assumptions and biases
5. Avoid emotional reasoning
6. Don’t oversimplify
7. Consider other interpretations
8. Tolerate uncertainty

Question 5

Phrenology

Answer 5

Theory that different areas of the brain are responsible for specific character and personality traits, determined from bumps on the skull. (discredited)

Question 6

Structuralism

Answer 6

Early psychological approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience (sensations) into basic elements.

Question 7

Functionalism

Answer 7

Early psychological approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness.

Question 8

Psychoanalysis

Answer 8

Theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy, originally formulated by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts.

Question 9

Biological perspective

Answer 9

Psychological approach that focuses on how bodily events affect behavior, feelings and thoughts.

Question 10

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 10

Field of psych that focuses on how genetically influenced behavior that was functional or adaptive during our evolutionary past may be reflected in many of our present behaviors, mental processes, and traits.

Question 11

Learning perspective

Answer 11

Psychological approach concerned with how the environment and experience affect the behavior of human beings and other animals.

Question 12

Cognitive perspective

Answer 12

Psychological approach that emphasizes mental process in perception, memory, language, problem solving, and other areas of behavior.

Question 13

Sociocultural perspective

Answer 13

Psychological approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behavior.

Question 14

Feminist psychology

Answer 14

Psychological approach that analyzes the influence of social inequities on gender relations and on the behavior of the two sexes.

Question 15

Basic psychology

Answer 15

Study of psychological issues for the sake of knowledge rather than for its practical application.

Question 16

Applied psychology

Answer 16

Study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance; also, the application of psychological findings.

Question 17

Psychotherapist

Answer 17

Anyone who does psychotherapy. Can have no degree, or an advanced professional degree.

Question 18

Psychoanalyst

Answer 18

Practices psychoanalysis; has specific training in this approach after an advanced degree; may treat any kind of emotional disorder or pathology.

Question 19

Psychiatrist

Answer 19

Does work similar to that of a clinical psychologist, but is likely take a more biological approach; has a medical degree with a specialty in psychiatry.

Question 20

Psychologist

Answer 20

Diagnoses, treats, and/or studies mental and emotional problems, both mild and severe.

Question 21

Licensed clinical social worker

Answer 21

Typically treats common individual and family problems, but may also deal with more serious problems such as addiction or abuse.