Chapter 11 Flashcards
emotion
A state of arousal involving facial and bodily changes, brain activation, cognitive appraisals, subjective feelings, and tendencies toward action.
facial feedback
The process by which the facial muscles send messages to the brain about the basic emotion being expressed.
mirror neurons
Brain cells that fire when a person or animal observes another carrying out an action; these neurons appear to be involved in empathy, language comprehension, imitation, and reading emotions.
appraisals
A person’s perceptions, beliefs, attributions, and goals, which determine which emotion he or she will feel in a given circumstance; they are a central component of emotion and the emotional experience.
display rules
Social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express (or supress) emotions.
emotion work
Expression of an emotion, often because of a role requirement, that a person does not really feel.
general adaption syndrome
According to Hans Selye, a series of physiological reactions to stress occurring in three phases: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
HPA (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex) axis
A system activated to energize the body to respond to stressors. The hypothalamus sends chemical messengers to the pituitary gland, which in turn prompts the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and other hormones.
cortisol
A hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that elevates blood sugar and protects the body’s tissues in case of injury; if chronically elevated due to stress, it can lead to hypertension, immune disorders, other illnesses, and possibly depression.
psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
The study of the relationships among psychology, the nervous and endocrine systems, and the immune system.
locus of control
A general expectation about whether the results of your actions are under your own control (internal locus) or beyond your control (external locus).
primary control
An effort to modify reality by changing other people, the situation, or events; a “fighting back” philosophy.
secondary control
An effort to accept reality by changing your own attitudes, goals, or emotions; a “learn to live with it” philosophy.
