Chapter 12 Flashcards
social psychological factors of attraction and building a relationship
- propinquity
- emotions
- physical attractiveness
- similarity
- reciprocal liking
propinquity
- referes to proximity (geographically and physical)
- more likely to meet
- associated with repeated exposure
- the greater the propinquity, the greater you are to meet them in the first place
propinquity study
university dormitory
- students that lived in the centre of the building built the most relationships
- because they have greater opportunity to run into someone else
- those who lived near the stair cases, were more likely to form friendships with those living on another floor
propinquity and ___
mere exposure effect , the more we are exposed, the more we start to like it
emotions
- positive emotions increase attraction
- mood-congruent judgement effect
- reinforcement affect model
positive emotions increase attractions
- you’re more open to relationships
- negative emotions decrease attraction (you close yourself off)
mood congruent judgement effect
when we are in a good mood, we are more likely to notice the good qualities that people have and vice versa
reinforcement affect model
- we want to form a relationship with someone because they happen to be around us when something good happens to us
- we don’t want to form a relationship with someone because they happen to be around us when something bad happens to us
physical attractiveness
- a chief factor in early attractions (more so for potential intimate partners)
- matching hypothesis
- cross cultural similarities and differences
- mood
- situations
cross- cultural similarities and differences
- there are certain types of facial structures that seem to be more attractive
- overall appearance
matching hypothesis
- we tend to form relationships with people who are the same level of physical attractiveness
- in friendships but larger role in intimate relationships
mood
- when we are in a good mood, we rate people as being more attractive and vice verse
situation
- “the girls all get prettier at closing time”
- in certain types of situational contexts, attractiveness can change
similarity
- breadth of similarity
- depth of similarity
- importance of each area
- more likely to form relationships with people who are similar to us in a variety of different ways
breadth of similiary
- how many similarities do you have with each others
successive filtering
the farther we get into a relationship the more important the similarities become
- ex. casual friends vs.
best friends
depth of similarity
when it comes to any one, how similar are you
ex. how similar in age are you
importance of each area
- how important is each area to you individually?
ex. if politics doesn’t matter and you have different views on it, then it doesn’t affect you
it is important for people to have a ____ of deep similarities in areas that are ______ to them
- wide range
- important to them
homogamy
- forming relationships with similar others
ex. they both have similar interest, similar homies and are similar in age
endogamy
- patterns become evident when we look at larger social groups
ex. we tend to see ethnic endogamy in marital relationships
reciprocal liking
- we like people who like us
- attracted to people whose presence is rehearing
feeling good about ourselves
a reward
continuation of relationships
love
cultural variations of love
cultural norms determine what love is supposed to look like
ex. some see love as a precursor to marriage, while other cultures love comes after marriage
forms of love
- companionate vs. passionate
- gender differences
- intrest vs. boredom
- positive vs. negative evaluations
- social exchange and equality
companionate love
the kind of love based on friendship
passionate love
the kind of love based on intimate relationships or partnerships
gender differences and expressing love
- on average women think that love should be expressed in romantic ways (ex. flowers, candles, diamonds, feelings etc)
- on average men think of more pragmatic think of love (ex. getting the car fixed, fixing this around the house - practical behaviours)
when looking at the feeling of love, gender differences
- women tend to be more pragmatic
- men tend to be more romantic
interest vs. boredom
- if the relationship is interesting then it is more likely the relationship is to continue
- if the relationship is boring then it is more likely the relationship is to not continue
- usually being bored has nothing to do with the relationship but with self. ex. the more boring my life is, the more i associate it with the relationship
positive vs. negative evaluations
- the positive vs. negative feedback we give each other
- giving each other positive feedback, increases the likelihood that the relationship will continue and vv.
negativity bias
we are more likely to remember negative things than positive things - especially when giving negative feedback
- more prominent in intimate relationships
- when giving 1 neg feedback, you need to give 4-5 pos. to balance it out
social exchange and equity
- all relationships are a relationship of exchange
of resources
exchanges can be
- tangible (things you can touch ex. money)
- intangible (things you can’t touch ex. support)
what arises of a from social exchange
- cost benefit analysis
cost benefit analysis
- what are we gaining compared to what we are giving
- we will only continue being in the relationship when benefits out way the cost
equity
if we perceive exchange as fair then we continue with the relationship
deterioration: changes in
- propinquity
- affect
- affiliation
- attractiveness
- similarity
affiliation
- as time goes by evolve, change and grow, and the other person develops a change of need
ex. when you were 18 you felt the need of being surrounded by 30 you no longer feel that need
attractiveness and deterioration
- when we are the last time your intimate partner seen you as attractive
- more important in intimate partners
similarity and deterioration
- your similarities behind to change
ex. you’re not the same person you were at 40 than 18
