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Social psychology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

prejudice

A

a (usually negative but could be positive) attitude towards a distinguishable group of people (any type of social group)
- unrelated to reality , a distortion of fact or illogical

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2
Q

is an attitude

A
  • cognitive component
  • affective component
  • behavioural component
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3
Q

cognitive component

A
  • illusory correlation
  • social categorization
  • in group bias
  • outgrip homogeneity
  • ultimate attribution error
  • stereotype
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4
Q

illusory correlation

A

the tendency to see a relationship between two variables where little to no relationship exists
ex. dumb jock

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5
Q

social categorization

A
  • highlight similarities and down plays differences within group
  • we make categories with people that are like me “Us”, and people tho aren’t like me “Them”
  • identity and self esteem
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6
Q

in group bias

A
  • we start to show favouritism to groups we are a part of (and think highly of them)
  • show favouritism to our group members
  • creating a boundary between us and them
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7
Q

minimal group

A
  • a group of people who happen to be thrown together with you temporarily
    ex. having the choice of - 2 for you 1 for them vs. 3 for you, 4 for them. People usually choose 2 for you 1 for them because their in-group is getting more money than the out group
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8
Q

outgrip homogeneity

A
  • we tend to see the members of out group as being all the same
  • but we see our own group, we see differences and uniqueness
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9
Q

ultimate attribution error

A
  • associating a characteristic of a group based solely on the situation
    “thats the way they all are”
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10
Q

stereotype

A
  • two step process
    1. automatic processing
    2. controlled processing
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11
Q

automatic processing

A

(low effort thinking)

something might occur where stereotype is activated

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12
Q

controlled processing

A

(high effort thinking)

we choose to accept or disregard the stereotype

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13
Q

simply being aware that the stereotype exist, doesn’t mean

A

you believe in that stereotype

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14
Q

implicit attitudes

A

attitudes we might not be conscious that we hold

- IAT

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15
Q

affective component

A
  • bad mood can activate (usually negative) stereotype

- negative stereotypes are accompanied by negative emotions (difficult to change)

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16
Q

negativity bias

A
  • when you’re in a bad mood you’re even more likely to notice bad things
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17
Q

emotions can be measured in

A
  • HR
  • BP
  • galvanic skin response (GSR)
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18
Q

GSR

A

mesures electricity in the skin to measure emotions

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19
Q

ethnocentrism

A

the degree to which you believe your ethnic group is superior to others

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20
Q

behavioural component

A
  • how we act
  • discrimination
  • thoughts/feelings and behaviours do not always coincide
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21
Q

discrimination

A
  • individual discrimination

- systematic/institutionalized discrimination

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22
Q

individual discrimination

A

micro level

ex. not sitting beside someone on the bus

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23
Q

systematic/institutionalized discrimination

A

macro level

ex. within the law or organizational practices

24
Q

Chinese head tax

A

many Chinese labourers were brought into Canada and gov hoped that they would go back to china, but they decided to stay here. therefore they implemented a head tax, so every individual who wanted to immigrate from china had to pay a fee
- exclusion act

25
Q

exclusion act

A

stopped immigration from china for about 25 years

26
Q

thoughts/feelings and behaviours do not always coincide meaning

A
  • people who have strong feelings won’t always act upon them (it’s not a social norm to do so)
  • people who don’t have any feelings won’t always act upon them (because they don’t realize or everyone else is doing it)
27
Q

where does prejudice come from

A
  • socialization
  • realistic conflict theory
  • right wing authoritarianism
  • religious fundamentalism
  • social dominance orientation
28
Q

socialization

A
  • as you are being socialized you may be exposed to norms, values and belief and you might internalize those norms, values and beliefs
    ex. you take on your parents beliefs
29
Q

realistic conflict theory

A

when certain resources are limited, in a particular setting or in society that leaves competition over those resources and prejudice feelings develop
- ex. sherif found that boys who were attending a summer camp, they were divided into two teams, and then set up a competition between the two. and winners got rewards (resources). they began to have prejudice behaviours

30
Q

right wing authoriarianism

A
  • authoritarian submission
  • authoritarian aggression
  • conventionalism
  • some might score higher in one of theses than the others, and others might score high in all of them (right wing authoritarianism)
31
Q

attitudes towards _____ can become more prejudice in times of _____

A
  • immigrants

- economic times

32
Q

authoritarian submission

A
  • tendency to see a leaders authority as being legit
33
Q

authoritarian aggression

A
  • it’s okay to direct aggressive behaviour that your leader sees as being a legit target
34
Q

conventionalism

A
  • tendency to conform to the conventions/norms/behaviours established by an authority figure
35
Q

religious fundamentalism

A
  • if it’s religious belief system that is interpreted literally
  • not seeing symbolism or figurative ways
36
Q

social dominance orientation

A
  • they believe in the superiority of all their social groups (any group they belong to)
37
Q

reducing prejudice

A
  • education
  • intergroup contact
  • jigsaw classroom
38
Q

education

A
  • negative correlation between education level and prejudice
  • higher education, lower levels of prejudice
  • learning to think more flexibly or to critical think and expansion for social network
  • effects of different educational approaches
  • jane elliot
39
Q

effects of different educational approaches (six)

A
  • study done in Germany in lower grades, specifically on turkish culture
  • study of how german students feel towards turkish students
  • pretest that measured preexisting levels of prejudice
  • measurements taken 3, 6, 9 weeks
40
Q

1st condition

A

films only (turkish kids living in germany (+&-)

41
Q

2nd condition

A

soundtrack only (podcast)

42
Q

3rd condition

A

teaching program only (how they lived, and prejudice towards them)

43
Q

4th condition

A
  • short teaching program and films
44
Q

5th condition

A

no treatment

45
Q

teaching targeted

A

cognitive component

46
Q

films targeted

A

affective component

47
Q

the higher their preexisting prejudice

A
  • the less effect the conditions had on them

- the ones with the highest prejudice of them all only lowered with condition 4

48
Q

the short term results (3 week mark)

A

found that in short term 1-4 conditions had an impact on lower levels of prejudice

49
Q

long term results

A
  • in long term, only one that had continued impact was #4
50
Q

jane elliot

A

eye colour exercise

51
Q

intergroup contact

A
  • interaction with other social groups to reduce prejudice by disconfirming negative stereotypes
52
Q

intergroup contact depends on

A
  • clarity and specific of behaviours
  • numbers of behaviours instances required
  • nature of contact setting
53
Q

clarity and specific of behaviours

A

how observable are the stereotypes

ex. messy

54
Q

numbers of behaviours instances required

A

how many points of contact are needed

  • neg stereotypes form quickly but take a long time to dispel
  • positive stereotypes take a long time to form but can be quickly be dispel
55
Q

nature of contact setting

A

form the contact takes has to allow the expression of behaviours that are associated with the stereotype

Social psychology (11 decks)

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