Chapter 10 Flashcards
prejudice
a (usually negative but could be positive) attitude towards a distinguishable group of people (any type of social group)
- unrelated to reality , a distortion of fact or illogical
is an attitude
- cognitive component
- affective component
- behavioural component
cognitive component
- illusory correlation
- social categorization
- in group bias
- outgrip homogeneity
- ultimate attribution error
- stereotype
illusory correlation
the tendency to see a relationship between two variables where little to no relationship exists
ex. dumb jock
social categorization
- highlight similarities and down plays differences within group
- we make categories with people that are like me “Us”, and people tho aren’t like me “Them”
- identity and self esteem
in group bias
- we start to show favouritism to groups we are a part of (and think highly of them)
- show favouritism to our group members
- creating a boundary between us and them
minimal group
- a group of people who happen to be thrown together with you temporarily
ex. having the choice of - 2 for you 1 for them vs. 3 for you, 4 for them. People usually choose 2 for you 1 for them because their in-group is getting more money than the out group
outgrip homogeneity
- we tend to see the members of out group as being all the same
- but we see our own group, we see differences and uniqueness
ultimate attribution error
- associating a characteristic of a group based solely on the situation
“thats the way they all are”
stereotype
- two step process
1. automatic processing
2. controlled processing
automatic processing
(low effort thinking)
something might occur where stereotype is activated
controlled processing
(high effort thinking)
we choose to accept or disregard the stereotype
simply being aware that the stereotype exist, doesn’t mean
you believe in that stereotype
implicit attitudes
attitudes we might not be conscious that we hold
- IAT
affective component
- bad mood can activate (usually negative) stereotype
- negative stereotypes are accompanied by negative emotions (difficult to change)
negativity bias
- when you’re in a bad mood you’re even more likely to notice bad things
emotions can be measured in
- HR
- BP
- galvanic skin response (GSR)
GSR
mesures electricity in the skin to measure emotions
ethnocentrism
the degree to which you believe your ethnic group is superior to others
behavioural component
- how we act
- discrimination
- thoughts/feelings and behaviours do not always coincide
discrimination
- individual discrimination
- systematic/institutionalized discrimination
individual discrimination
micro level
ex. not sitting beside someone on the bus
systematic/institutionalized discrimination
macro level
ex. within the law or organizational practices
Chinese head tax
many Chinese labourers were brought into Canada and gov hoped that they would go back to china, but they decided to stay here. therefore they implemented a head tax, so every individual who wanted to immigrate from china had to pay a fee
- exclusion act
exclusion act
stopped immigration from china for about 25 years
thoughts/feelings and behaviours do not always coincide meaning
- people who have strong feelings won’t always act upon them (it’s not a social norm to do so)
- people who don’t have any feelings won’t always act upon them (because they don’t realize or everyone else is doing it)
where does prejudice come from
- socialization
- realistic conflict theory
- right wing authoritarianism
- religious fundamentalism
- social dominance orientation
socialization
- as you are being socialized you may be exposed to norms, values and belief and you might internalize those norms, values and beliefs
ex. you take on your parents beliefs
realistic conflict theory
when certain resources are limited, in a particular setting or in society that leaves competition over those resources and prejudice feelings develop
- ex. sherif found that boys who were attending a summer camp, they were divided into two teams, and then set up a competition between the two. and winners got rewards (resources). they began to have prejudice behaviours
right wing authoriarianism
- authoritarian submission
- authoritarian aggression
- conventionalism
- some might score higher in one of theses than the others, and others might score high in all of them (right wing authoritarianism)
attitudes towards _____ can become more prejudice in times of _____
- immigrants
- economic times
authoritarian submission
- tendency to see a leaders authority as being legit
authoritarian aggression
- it’s okay to direct aggressive behaviour that your leader sees as being a legit target
conventionalism
- tendency to conform to the conventions/norms/behaviours established by an authority figure
religious fundamentalism
- if it’s religious belief system that is interpreted literally
- not seeing symbolism or figurative ways
social dominance orientation
- they believe in the superiority of all their social groups (any group they belong to)
reducing prejudice
- education
- intergroup contact
- jigsaw classroom
education
- negative correlation between education level and prejudice
- higher education, lower levels of prejudice
- learning to think more flexibly or to critical think and expansion for social network
- effects of different educational approaches
- jane elliot
effects of different educational approaches (six)
- study done in Germany in lower grades, specifically on turkish culture
- study of how german students feel towards turkish students
- pretest that measured preexisting levels of prejudice
- measurements taken 3, 6, 9 weeks
1st condition
films only (turkish kids living in germany (+&-)
2nd condition
soundtrack only (podcast)
3rd condition
teaching program only (how they lived, and prejudice towards them)
4th condition
- short teaching program and films
5th condition
no treatment
teaching targeted
cognitive component
films targeted
affective component
the higher their preexisting prejudice
- the less effect the conditions had on them
- the ones with the highest prejudice of them all only lowered with condition 4
the short term results (3 week mark)
found that in short term 1-4 conditions had an impact on lower levels of prejudice
long term results
- in long term, only one that had continued impact was #4
jane elliot
eye colour exercise
intergroup contact
- interaction with other social groups to reduce prejudice by disconfirming negative stereotypes
intergroup contact depends on
- clarity and specific of behaviours
- numbers of behaviours instances required
- nature of contact setting
clarity and specific of behaviours
how observable are the stereotypes
ex. messy
numbers of behaviours instances required
how many points of contact are needed
- neg stereotypes form quickly but take a long time to dispel
- positive stereotypes take a long time to form but can be quickly be dispel
nature of contact setting
form the contact takes has to allow the expression of behaviours that are associated with the stereotype
