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Social psychology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

aggression

A

behaviour aimed at causing pain/harm to another

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2
Q

aggression can be

A

physical or psychological

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3
Q

types of agression

A
  • instrumental aggression

- hostile aggression

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4
Q

instrumental aggression

A
  • used as a tool to accomplish some other goal

ex. to protect loved ones, to win a game/war

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5
Q

hostile aggression

A
  • used as an end to itself or the only thing you’re trying to accomplish is cause pain to someone else
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6
Q

where does aggression come from

A

balance of nature and nurture

- neural/chemical influences

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7
Q

neural/chemical influences

A
  • brains structure
  • testosterone
  • alcohol
  • discomfort or pain
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8
Q

brain structure

A

there are different parts of the brain associated with aggression
- amygdala

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9
Q

amygdala is known as the

A

aggression center

- stimulation can depend on hierarchy

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10
Q

testosterone

A
  • only shown in those with unusually high testosterone
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11
Q

men’s testosterone increase when

A
  • handling a weapon

- winning of a game

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12
Q

alcohol

A
  • reduces self awareness
  • disinhibitor
  • if provoked
  • higher levels of preexisting aggression
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13
Q

disinhibitor

A

turns off the part of brain for self control

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14
Q

alcohol and self awareness

A
  • when we are less self aware we are more likely to act in ways that contradict our fundamental values
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15
Q

discomfort or pain

A

can cause pain attack response

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16
Q

pain attack response

A

physical pain causes an outburst of aggression ex. stubbing your toe and being angry

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17
Q

situational causes

A
  • frustration
  • provocation
  • social exclusion
  • aggressive cues
  • imitation
  • media
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18
Q

frustration

A
  • blocked goal attainment

ex. when you put money in the vending machine and nothing comes out

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19
Q

frustration aggression theory

A
  • frustration doesn’t not always lead to aggression

- aggression is always the result of frustration

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20
Q

frustration aggression theory factors that increase the likelihood of aggression

A
  • closeness of the goal
  • unexpected frustration
  • relative deprivation
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21
Q

closeness of goal

A

the closer you are to achieving the goal when you become blocked increases aggression
ex. the closer you are to the front of the line, the more likely you are to be aggressive

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22
Q

relative deprivation

A

you subjectively have

  • less than you expect
  • less than you deserve
  • less than others
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23
Q

absolute deprivation

A

you objectively have less of whatever it is you want to have
ex. not having a bonus at work

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24
Q

frustration creates 1, 1 creates 2

A
  1. anger

2. readiness to aggress if the situation is conducive

25
Q

frustration can lead to

A
  • instigation to aggress

- other responses (ex. withdrawal)

26
Q

ways of instigation to aggress

A
  • inward (to our self ex. self harm)

- outward (towards something else)

27
Q

if we aggress in an outward way it can be

A
  • indirect

- direct

28
Q

direct agression

A
  • when we aggress directly to the source of aggression
29
Q

indirect aggression

A
  • when we aggress towards others that have nothing to do with our aggression
30
Q

provocation

A
  • can result in reciprocation
    ex. if someone hits your car with a shopping cart
  • importance of perceived intent
    ex. did they hit you on purpose?
31
Q

perceived intent can be

A
  • hostile intent
  • unintentional intent
  • can even affect our physiological responses
32
Q

hostile intent

A
  • they did it on purpose

- aggressive reciprocation

33
Q

unintentional intent

A
  • they didn’t do it on purpose

- less/no reciprocation

34
Q

social exclusion

A
  • effect of being rejected by others
  • increases aggression
  • can also lead to create other social bonds
35
Q

aggressive cues

A
  • lab setting vs real world
  • objects must be clearly associated with aggression (hunting rifles vs. assault weapon)
  • any object can be associated with aggression
36
Q

lab settings vs real world

A

LS: when aggressive cues are present, aggressive behaviours can increase
ex. knifes and guns on tables when participants arrive can increase aggression
RW: when aggressive cues are present, aggressive behaviours may or may not increase
ex: having a gun in the house; seattle vs. vancouver and gun control

37
Q

imitation

A
  • bandura
  • agression in professional sports
  • intergenerational cycles of family violence
  • copy cat aggression
38
Q

bandura

A
  • the bobo doll study
  • when kids saw an adult playing aggressively with a bobo doll, once they got a turn they also acted aggressively turns it
  • kids will imitate aggressive behaviours if they have seen it in their lives
39
Q

intergenerational cycles of family violence

A

children who grow up where violence occurs, they are more likely to use violence when they are adults themselves
- 3% if not, if so 30% more likely to occur

40
Q

copy cat aggression

A
  • highly sensationalized act of aggression

ex. on anniversary dates of past aggression situations people are more likely to aggressive

41
Q

media violence

A
  • debates over media violence
  • short term vs. long term
  • correlation does not equal causation
  • individual variations
42
Q

short term media violence

A
  • there is affect on people of all age groups, gender etc.
43
Q

long term media violence

A
  • correlational research
44
Q

individual variation of media violence is based on

A
  • pre-existing aggression

- media violence has a grater affect on those with a higher aggression to start with

45
Q

explanation of effect of media

A
  • weakened inhibitions
  • imitation
  • priming
  • desensitization
  • perceptions of hostility
46
Q

weakened inhibitions

A
  • media violence is a disinhibitor (lowers self control)
47
Q

perceptions of hostility

A
  • the tendency to perceive hostility in the world around you
  • contributes to mean world syndrome
48
Q

mean world syndrome

A
  • the tendency to see the world as a scary and mean world

- see ourselves placed at more risk

49
Q

individual variations

A
  • hostile attributional bias

- personality dimensions or behaviour patterns

50
Q

hostile attributional bias

A
  • internal attribution focuses on hostility

- he acted that way because he’s hostile

51
Q

personality dimensions or behaviour patterns

A

nature of their thoughts, feelings and actions

  • certain people have a constellation of traits
    ex: type A vs type H
52
Q

Type A

A

(were competitive, hurry and hostile)

53
Q

type H consolation

A
  • cynicism (you think people are selfish and incompetent and the only person you can rely on is yourself- cognitive)
  • anger (affective)
  • aggression (behavioural)
54
Q

ways to reduce aggression

A
  • punishment
  • catharsis
  • self-awareness
  • apology
55
Q

for punishment to be efficient in children it must be

A
  • mild
  • swift (occurs immediately after the act)
  • certain (punishment given every single time)
56
Q

for punishment to be efficient in adults it must be

A
  • swift
  • certain
  • proportionate to the act (used to be severe)
57
Q

catharsis

A
  • releasing aggression (ex. by punching something)

- makes people feel better but doesn’t reduce their aggression

58
Q

self-awareness

A
  • noticing early signs of aggression, can enable people to express those feelings in positive ways
    (not bottling things up)
    ex. noticing you’re clenching your teeth
    noticing the thoughts going through your mind
59
Q

apology

A
  • can reduce aggression but only if seen as sincere

Social psychology (11 decks)

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