Chapter 12 Flashcards
Adaptation
An anatomical, physiological, or behavioral response of organisms or populations to the environment
Result from evolutionary change (natural selection)
Acclimatization
Physiological responses to changes in the environment that occur during an individuals lifetime.
Ex: tanning
Developmental acclimatization
Irreversible and results from exposure to an environmental challenge during growth and development
Ex: skin pigment
Polymorphisms
Traits that differ in expression between populations and individuals
Traits with more than one allele
Expressed in the phenotype as the result of gene action (as in ABO) or they can exist solely at the DNA level within noncoding regions
Polytypic
Referring to species composed of local populations that differ from one another with regard to the expression of one or more traits
Biological determinism
The concept that phenomena, including various aspects of behavior (intelligence, values, morals) are governed by biological (genes) factors
The false belief that there is a relationship between physical traits and certain behavioral traits: like skin color
Eugenics
the philosophy of “race improvement” through the forced sterilization of member of some groups and increased reproduction among other
Pure race can mate with inferior races
An overly simplified, often racist view that’s now discredited
Homeostasis
A condition of balance, or stability, within a biological system, maintained by the interaction of physiological mechanisms that compensate for changes (internal and external)
Bergman’s rule
States that bodies with increased mass or volume to surface areas are optimal for cold climates
Allen’s rule
States that shape of the body, especially appendages, determine adaptation to cold or hot climates
Cold climate= shorter appendage prevents heat loss
Hot climate= longer appendage promote heat loss
Epigenetics
Changes in phenotype that are not related to changes in underlying DNA and that may resign from the i retraction between the genotype and the environment
Protector from ultraviolet radiation ?
Melanin
What causes rickets?
An insufficient amount of vitamin D
Studies have shown that UV radiation rapidly depletes?
Folate
Francis Galton
Popularized eugenics among 19th century Europeans
