Chapter 12 Flashcards
cancer deaths per year:
More than 70,000
Most common cause of death in Canada:
cancer
how much percent cancer could be prevented through
changes in lifestyle ?
More than 60%
Tobacco use accounts for:
1/3 of all cancer deaths
Diet & exercise and their relationship to obesity
accounts for another:
30% of all deaths
abnormal, uncontrolled cellular growth:
cancer
cancerous and capable of
spreading; neoplasm:
Malignant tumour
non-cancerous and nonspreading:
Benign tumour
spread of cancer cells from one
part of the body to another:
Metastasis
metastasis spreads via:
Blood vessels
Lymphatic system
any substance that causes cancer:
Carcinogen
common cancers:
lung cancer Colon and Rectal Cancer Breast Cancer Prostate Cancer Skin Cancers Oral cancer Testicular cancer
Leading cause of cancer death:
lung cancer
lung cancer stats:
estimated that 177 800 Canadians would
be diagnosed with cancer with 75 000 deaths
Chief risk factor of lung cancer:
smoking
Symptoms of lung cancer=
persistent cough, chest pain
treatment of lung cancer:
combination of surgery, radiation,
chemotherapy
Survival rate of lung cancer=
15% after five years
Second leading cause of cancer death:
Colon and Rectal Cancer
Risk factors of colon and rectal cancer:
Age (e.g., 50 and older) Pre-existing polyps Heredity Inactivity and obesity Diets high in red meat, smoked foods, simple sugars Excessive alcohol consumption Smoking
Symptoms of colon and rectal cancer:
Bleeding from the rectum
Change in bowel habits
Testing for colon and rectal cancer:
Stool blood test
Sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
Treatment for colon and rectal cancer:
Surgery is primary method of treatment
Most common female cancer:
breast cancer (1 in 9 women)
Second to lung cancer in the number of cancer
deaths among women:
breast cancer
Causes/risk factors of breast cancer:
Heredity
Long-term exposure to high blood levels of estrogen
Early onset of menstruation
Late onset of menopause
No children or first child after age 30
Obesity
Current use of HRT (hormone replacement therapy)
estrogen levels increased by alcohol use
Inactivity
Diet low in vegetables and fibre