Chapter 12

Question 1

The segmental arrangement of body parts in an animal is called

Answer 1

metamerism

Question 2

The specialization of body regions in a segmented animal is called

Answer 2

tagmatization

Question 3

Annelids and Arthropods have been traditionally considered to be closely related. Recent reevaluation of these relationships places Annelids in the Lophotrochozoa. If this is true they would be more closely related to the

Answer 3

Mollusca

Question 4

Which group of animals do Annelids not share common ancestry with?

Answer 4

Echinodermata

Question 5

The annelid class whose members are mostly marine is

Answer 5

Polychaeta

Question 6

A distinctive feature of members of the subclass Hirudinea is

Answer 6

anterior and posterior suckers.

Question 7

Earthworms belong to the annelid subclass

Answer 7

Oligochaeta

Question 8

The Clitellata are believed to have evolved from a group of polychaetes that

Answer 8

invaded freshwater habitats.

Question 9

A distinctive feature of members of the class Polychaeta is

Answer 9

parapodia

Question 10

Recent morphological and molecular evidence has lead to this group of worms being included within the phylum Annelida.

Answer 10

echiurans

Question 11

The girdle-like structure that is used for mucus secretion during copulation and cocoon formation is the

Answer 11

clitellum

Question 12

A clitellum is present in the members of the subclass(es)

Answer 12

Hirudinea and Oligochaeta.

Question 13

Oligochaetes are

Answer 13

monoecious

Question 14

Most polychaetes are

Answer 14

dioecious

Question 15

An excretory structure consisting of an open, ciliated funnel and a tubule that opens through the body wall is called a

Answer 15

metanephridium

Question 16

The main propulsive structure(s) in the circulatory system of an earthworm is (are)

Answer 16

dorsal and ventral blood vessels.

Question 17

The _______ is a site of amino acid metabolism in an earthworm and is analogous to the vertebrate liver.

Answer 17

chloragogen tissue

Question 18

No free-living larval forms occur in the annelid class or subclass(es)

Answer 18

Hirudinea and Oligochaeta

Question 19

Flexible support and efficient locomotion are probably the primary adaptive features of metamerism.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Metamerism appears to have arisen just once in the evolution of animals.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

The peristomium is the first segment of a polychaete. It surrounds the mouth and bears sensory tentacles or cirri.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

During copulation of earthworms there is mutual sperm exchange. Sperm passes from the seminal receptacles of each worm to the seminal vesicles of the partner.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

The secondary divisions of a member of the class Hirudinea are called annuli; they are easier to see than the true segments.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The looping form of locomotion of leeches utilizes a single hydrostatic cavity formed as a result of the loss of septa separating coelomic compartments.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

A taxonomic reevaluation of the phylum Annelida confirms the designation of three classes: Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, and Hirudinea.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

The oligochaetes were the first annelids to be derived from ancestral annelids. The hirudineans and freshwater polychaetes were derived from the oligochaetes, and marine polychaetes were derived from freshwater polychaetes.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

Oligochaetes evolved on land during a time when flowering plants were proliferating. This fact is evidenced, in part, by the reliance of modern oligochaetes on deciduous vegetation.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Polychaetes may be predators, herbivores, scavengers, or filter feeders.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

The immature stages of polychaetes occur in cocoons deposited on the ocean floor.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Current evidence indicates that Polychaeta is a probably a paraphyletic grouping.

Answer 30

True