Ch 20

Question 1

The major synapomorphy that distinguishes reptiles, birds, and mammals from other tetrapods is

Answer 1

the amniotic egg.

Question 2

In addition to the birds, this order contains the only extant species from the Archosaurian lineage.

Answer 2

Crocodilia

Question 3

A synapsid skull was characteristic of a group of reptiles called synapsids. This group gave rise to

Answer 3

mammals

Question 4

Cladistic analysis of the amniote lineage indicates that the class Reptilia should probably be abandoned because of the close relationship between the birds and the

Answer 4

Archosauria (a diapsid lineage including modern crocodiles and dinosaurs).

Question 5

The class Reptilia is

Answer 5

paraphyletic

Question 6

The lizards and snakes belong to the order

Answer 6

Squamata

Question 7

The turtles belong to the order

Answer 7

Testudines

Question 8

The dorsal portion of the shell of a turtle is the

Answer 8

carapace.

Question 9

A kind of bone that makes up long bones of a vertebrate and has a cartilaginous stage in development is called

Answer 9

endochondral bone.

Question 10

Three of the following are true of scales of a fish. One of the following is true of scales of a reptile. Select the statement that is true of reptilian scales.

Answer 10

They form in the epidermis of the skin.

Question 11

The evolution of this group has resulted in the reduction or loss of the left lung and displacement of the gallbladder, the right kidney and often the gonads.

Answer 11

snakes

Question 12

The __________ allows an alligator to breathe when its mouth is full of water or food.

Answer 12

secondary palate

Question 13

All of the following statements regarding reptile hearts are true except one. Select the exception.

Answer 13

The conus arteriosus leads to the ventral aorta.

Question 14

Most reptiles excrete ______ as their primary nitrogenous waste product.

Answer 14

uric acid

Question 15

_____________ of a vipers’ skull allow these snakes to swallow any size prey, even those much larger than their mouth opening.

Answer 15

Moveable bones of the upper jaw

Question 16

The archosaur lineage of reptiles is shared with members of the class

Answer 16

Aves

Question 17

Which of the following animals does not have a diapsid skull?

Answer 17

painted turtle

Question 18

Mammals are derived from the synapsid lineage.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Members of the subclass Anapsida lack openings in the temporal region of the skull and include the mammal-like reptiles and the mammals.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

The Cretaceous\Tertiary boundary is marked by an evolutionary explosion that resulted in the adaptive radiation of reptiles.

Answer 20

False

Question 21

A secondary palate, first seen in reptiles, is a plate of bone that separates the nasal passages from the mouth cavity.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Loosely joined upper and lower jaws, loosely joined skull bones, a moveable upper jaw, and a glottis that is positioned near the front of the mouth are all adaptations of snakes for swallowing prey.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Olfactory receptors located in pouches that open through the secondary palate of many reptiles are called pit organs.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Snakes possess a well-developed middle ear cavity, auditory tube, and tympanic membrane. All of these structures give snakes a sensitive apparatus for detecting air-borne vibrations.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Many reptiles store water in lymphatic spaces under the skin and in the urinary bladder. Many lizards possess salt glands below the eyes for ridding the body of excess salt.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Most reptiles use internal heat sources for temperature regulation and are, therefore, endotherms.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

The median (parietal) eye of reptiles is an outgrowth of the forebrain. When it is present, it is used as a third, image-forming sensory receptor.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

There are no living tuatara species.

Answer 28

False