Chapter 12 Flashcards
Any person under age ________ who performs a commercial sex act is considered a victim of human trafficking, regardless of whether force, fraud, or coercion were present.
18
This is the first comprehensive federal legislation to combat human trafficking and to assist trafficking victims.
Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA)
This is a collaboration of federal and state-law enforcement authorities and victim-assistance providers focused on combating the prostitution of children.
The Innocence Lost Initiative
Worldwide women and children suffer disproportionately from trafficking. The following affect women in great numbers;
1) Poverty
2) Gender discrimination
3) Illiteracy and low levels of education
4) Regional conflicts
5) Lack of job opportunity
Signs of Labor Camps/Sweatshops include the following:
1) security intended to keep victims confined
2) barb wire ( this is especially telling when the barbed wire is installed in such a way as to keep someone in, not to keep someone out)
3) bars on windows
4) self-contained camps
5) bouncers, guards, and/or guard dogs
6) only allowed to shop at Company store
7) blacked-out windows
8) man trap doors
9) security cameras
10) high walls
Forced labor and trafficking in the United States are most prevalent in:
1) domestic service
2) agriculture
3) sweatshop and factory work
4) restaurant and hotel work
5) the sex industry
The U.S. State Department has estimated that as many as 50,000 children are trafficking into the United States annually, primarily from:
1) Latin American countries
2) Countries of the Soviet Union
3) Southeast Asia
NOTE: It is estimated between 100,000 and 300,00 children are exploited annually by the sex industry within the United States.
The majority of trafficked women are recruited through fraud, deception, and other enticements that exploit real social and financial needs. A typical human-trafficking scheme begins not with violence or coercion but rather:
As a confidence game-when the young woman is convinced by traffickers that a desirable job such as a nanny or waitress awaits her in a foreign country.
In the United States services (related to women trafficking) can be marketed through standard outlets, such as advertising and personal columns; but by far the most effective marketing is:
via Internet chat rooms, bulletin boards, billboards and many other websites that offer matchmaking services for men and women.
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
Frequent movement of women serves three purposes:
1) It makes detection more difficult and removes the incentive for local investigative agencies to become involved;
2) It provides a variety of women for customers;
3) It inhibits women from establishing ties to their communities.
The operating unit within a police department that is most likely to first encounter the victims of sex trafficking is:
The Vice Squad
Indicators of the presence of trafficked women in venues where they may be found include:
1) building with heavy on-premises security, such as barred windows, locked doors, and electronic surveillance
2) buildings in which women both live and work
3) Nail salons, Bars, and Strip clubs, that serve as fronts for
Prostitution
4) brothels that advertise only in foreign language newspapers or that restrict services to members only
5) advertisements for escorts or other sexual services
6) Internet websites and chat rooms
7) HIV/AIDS community groups
8) locations where there are large numbers of transient males, such as military bases, sports venue, conventions, and tourist attractions
When investigating sex-trafficking cases, a number of things must be taken into consideration:
1) Is the victim in immediate danger?
2) If a delay occurs in rescuing the victim, will the victim be in danger of physical harm
3) Is this a “mom and pop” operation, or if the investigation is allowed to continue, is there a possibility of dismantling the entire organization and arresting multiple offenders?
4) What is the likelihood of being able to rescue more victims?
The U-visa provides an avenue to legal status for immigrant crime victims who:
1) have suffered substantial physical or mental abuse as a result of victimization
2) possesses information regarding the activity
3) offer a source of help in the investigation or prosecution
NOTE: The incident in question must have violated US law or occurred within the nation’s borders. The U-visa is valid for up to four years.
The T-visa is available for victims who self-petition to stay in the United States for up to four years if they an show that:
1) they have been a victim of a severe form of trafficking
2) they have complied with reasonable request to assist in the investigation or prosecution of their case ( or are not yet 18 years of age)
3) they are physically presenting the United States on account of trafficking
4) they would suffer severe hardship if repatriated
