Chapter 1 Flashcards
Photographs of known offenders arranged by criminal specialty and height was known as?
The Rogues Gallery
During the eighteenth century, two events began a process of change that profoundly affected how police services were delivered and investigations conducted. What were the two events?
1) an agricultural revolution and
2) an industrial revolution
From 1961 to 1966, the Supreme Court became unusually active in hearing cases involving the rights of criminal suspects and defendants. It’s decision focused on the two vital areas of search and seizure and the right to legal representation. This period was known as:
The “due process revolution”
Criminalistics draws from diverse disciplines to study physical evidence related to crime such as: (5)
1) geology
2) physics
3) chemistry
4) biology
5) mathematics
There are three major scientific systems of bio-metric based personal identification of criminals in wide use; (3)
1) anthropometric (relatively short lived)
2) dactylography
3) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) typing
The most important goal of biometric measurements is to uniquely identify, or verify the identity of, an individual through:
Characteristics of the human body
Biometrics is superior to eyewitness identification because:
It has a scientific foundation
The most important incident to advance the use of fingerprints in this country was:
The West Case
Firearms Identification
It includes identification of: (4)
1) types of ammunition
2) knowledge of the design and functioning of firearms
3) restoration of obliterated serial numbers on weapons
4) estimation of the distance between a gun’s muzzle and a victim when the weapon was fired
Among the biometric-based methods of identifying individuals that are in use or on the horizon are:
1) Hand geometry
2) Iris scans
3) Ear matching
4) Facial and voice recognition
5) Vein patterns
6) Human body odor
7) Brain activity
The use of iris scanning present some challenges, because the iris is affected by:
1) alcohol,
2) drug use,
3) pregnancy, and
4) aging
These examinations of fingerprinting on polished surfaces produce extremely high resolution 3-D images of them. They also have applicability to the examination of documents.
Atomic force microscope (AFM) examinations
