Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is the most common sign of physical abuse (Children)?
Bruises, in particular, are most common sign of physical abuse.
The most common cause of child deaths is:
Physical abuse by their own parents
Mcquire and associates found that bruises indicative of a physical abuse were not located on bony prominences, such as knees and elbows, but rather on a head, chest, abdomen, and hands. Bruises among physically abused children were more likely to be:
1) clustered
2) greater in size
3) observable during all seasons as opposed to warm months
4) documented among children less than 3 years of age
Intentional injuries tend to occur most frequently on: (7)
1) face
2) back
3) ribs
4) buttocks
5) genitals
6) palms
7) soles of feet
Child burn victims are almost always under the age of 10, with the majority under the age of:
2 years old
These are the most common type of burn injury to a child:
Scald Burns
Most deliberate burns are scald burns caused by:
Immersion in hot tap water
In a deliberate immersion burn, the depth of the burn is:
Uniform
Only children with deliberate immersion burns sustain deep burns of the: (2)
1) Buttock
2) the area between the anus and genitals
Several key variables must be observed in investigating immersion burns: (4)
1) the temperature of the water
2) the time of the exposure
3) the depth of the burn
4) the occurrence of “sparing”
Deliberate immersion burns can often be recognized by one of the following characteristic patterns: (4)
1) doughnut pattern in the buttock
2) sparing the soles of the feet
3) stocking-or glove-pattern burns
4) water lines
Child Abuse:
What are the most frequent types of contact burns: (2)
1) Cigarette
2) Electric Steam Irons
Characteristics of SIDS Victim’s Appearance: (5)
1) usually in a normal state of nutrition and hydration
2) blood-tinged, frothy fluids around the mouth and nostrils, indicative of pulmonary edema
3) vomitus on face
4) diaper wet and full of stool
5) bruiselike marks on head or body loads (postmortem pooling of settling of blood in dependent body parts)
Child molesters–two (2) categories:
1) situational
2) preferential
This molester does not have a true sexual preference for children but engages in sex with children for varied and sometimes complex reasons.
Situational child molester
Members of lower socioeconomic groups tend to be overpresented among situational child molesters. Within this category, the following four major patterns of behavior emerge:
1) regressed
2) morally indiscriminate
3) sexually indiscriminate
4) inadequate
Preferential child molester–three major patterns of behavior:
1) seduction
2) introverted
3) sadistic
What are some of the reasons for the problems that arise when children are called to participate in criminal proceedings? (3)
1) the children’s immaturity
2) involves unique attributes of the offense of child sexual abuse, particularly when the perpetrator is a parent, parent substitute, or other adult having a trusting or loving relationship with the child.
3) our limited understanding of children’s capabilities as witnesses.
Three developmental issues are important when allegations of sexual abuse arise:
1) the child’s development level relative to other children in his or her group
2) the child’s development level with regard to sexuality
3) the child’s ability to respond adequately to interviews and to testify in court
One of the most common methods of interviewing children about sexual abuse involves the use of:
Anatomically detail dolls
In one study comparing sexually abused children to nonabused children, a number of factors emerged to distinguish the two groups. The sexually abused children were significantly more likely to demonstrate:
1) Poor self-esteem
2) Aggressive behaviors
3) Fearfulness
4) Concentration problems
5) Withdrawal
6) Acting out
7) Need to please others
The results of a nationwide survey of professionals experienced in evaluating suspected child sexual abuse revealed high levels of agreement concerning the following factors: (10)
1) possesses age-inappropriate sexual knowledge
2) engages in sexualized play
3) displays precocious behavior
4) engages in excessive masturbation
5) preoccupied in his or her genitals
6) indications that pressure or coercion was exerted on child
7) story remains consistent over time
8) child’s report indicates an escalating progression of sexual abuse over time
9) describes idiosyncratic details of the abuse
10) physical evidence of abuse
On the average, __________ of every 1,000 infants are born alive succumb to SIDS, and it is the leading cause of death among infants
1 week to 1 year of age.
2
Most SIDS deaths occur between these months:
November and March
The risk of SIDS appears to be highest in: (6)
1) crowded dwellings
2) in infants of young mothers
3) in males
4) in non-whites regardless of socioeconomic status
5) in families of lower socioeconomic status regardless of race
6) in premature infants
7) twins
SIDS: Most victims are between the ages of 1 to 6 months, with the highest frequency of occurrence between what ages?
2 and 4 months
Characteristics of SIDS Victims’ Appearance: (5)
1) usually normal state of nutrition and hydration
2) blood-tinged, frothy fluids around mouth and nostrils, indicative of pulmonary edema
3) vomitus on face
4) diaper wet and full of stool
5) bruiselike marks on head or body fluids (postmortem pooling of settling of blood in dependent body parts)
Only about 16% of child fatalities attributed to strangers. These children tend to be between the ages of:
6 and 11
This injury occurs inside the skull on the opposite side of the area of impact. In these cases, a moving head is abruptly stopped and inertia keeps,the brain moving within the skull.
A “contrecoup”
NOTE: Most child deaths are not the result of the use of a traditional weapon ( such as a firearm or knife). Most are the result of blunt-force trauma.
Those who inflict Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) on children are often caretakers who shook the child violently in response to some kind of trigger. Often, that trigger is:
Incessant crying
NOTE: Often, there may be hours or even days between the SBS incident and the physical manifestation of symptoms.
Probably the most common missed method of homicide in infants and young children is:
Smothering
This is, AFTER IMPULSE HOMICIDES, the second most common type of homicide in infants.
Smothering
In 1998, Congress enacted the Protection of Children from Sexual Predators Act, which established three new criminal offense areas:
1) use of interstate facilities to transmit information about a minor
2) transfer of obscene materials to or from minors
3) definition of sexual activity to include the production of child pornography
This is defined as “aggressive behavior or intentional harm by an individual or group repeated over time that involves an imbalance of power”.
Bullying
NOTE: Studies show that male victims of bullying are more than five times more likely to be moderately to severely depressed and four times more likely to be suicidal, where as bullied girls are more than three times more likely to be moderately to severely depressed and eight times more likely to be suicidal.
Abductions for toddlers occur primarily for emotion-based reasons. These cases typically lack planning, are impulsive, and frequently involve:
The mother’s boyfriend or ex-boyfriend as the perpetrator
The risk of sexually motivated abductions decrease as children become:
of high school age
NOTE: In this case, emotion and profit-based crimes are more prevalent.
Profit-based child abductions frequently pertain to:
Drugs
NOTE: Victims tend to be male, and offenders are generally strangers and acquaintances.
The best tool to protect children from Internet Crime is:
Parental education and involvement
CRIME IN SCHOOLS
Threat Assessment rests on two critical principles:
1) that all threats and all threateners are not equal, and
2) that most threateners are unlikely to carry out there threats (however,
all threats must be taken seriously and investigated)
FACTORS IN SCHOOL THREAT ASSESSMENT:
Specific, plausible details are a critical factor in evaluating a threat. Details can include: (5)
1) the identity of the victim or victims
2) the reason for making the threat
3) the means, weapon and method by which it is to be carried out
4) the date, time, and place the act will be carried out
5) concrete information about plans or preparations that have already been made.
When investigating threats of violence in schools, it is important to listen carefully to,witnesses in order to correctly identify the level of the threat and subsequently take appropriate action. Key questions include: (5)
1) Who made the threat?
2) To whom was the threat made?
3) Under what circumstances was the threat made?
4) Exactly what words were said?
5) How often were threats made?
It’s suggested that the best approach for patrol officers responding to a critical and violent incident at a school, especially one involving potential hostages, is:
To take action only when appropriate, and that their primary mission is to control and contain the scene.
